A Fefferman-Stein inequality for the Carleson operator (Q1709560)

Calderón-Zygmund operator \(T\) on \(\mathbb{R}^n\) is an \(L^2\)-bounded operator defined by \[ Tf(x) = \int_{\mathbb{R}^n} K(x,y)f(y) \, dy, \quad x \not\in \text{supp} f, \] where the kernel \(K\) satisfies the standard size and regularity assumptions such that \[ |K(x,y)| \leq C |x-y|^{-n}, \;\;x \neq y, \] \[ |K(x,y)-K(x'-y)| + |K(y,x)-K(y,x')| \leq C \frac{|x-x'|^{\delta}}{|x-y|^{n+\delta}} \] for some \(0 < \delta \leq 1\) when \(|x-y| > 2|x-x'|\). \textit{C. Pérez} [J. Lond. Math. Soc., II. Ser. 49, No. 2, 296--308 (1994; Zbl 0797.42010)] considered a Fefferman-Stein ([\textit{C. Fefferman} and \textit{E. M. Stein}, Am. J. Math. 93, 107--115 (1971; Zbl 0222.26019)]) weighted inequality for Calderón-Zygmund operator \(T\) and then showed that for \(1< p < \infty\) there is a finite constant \(C\) such that \[ \int_{\mathbb{R}^n} |Tf(x)|^p w(x) \, dx \leq C \, \int_{\mathbb{R}^n} |f(x)|^p M^{[p]+1} w(x) \, dy \tag{1} \] holds for any weight \(w\). Here \([p]\) denotes the integer part of \(p\) and \(M^{[p]+1}\) denotes the \(([p]+1)\)-fold composition of Hardy-Littlewood maximal operator \(M\). The operator \(M^{[p]+1}\) is bounded on \(L^r\) for \(1< r < \infty\). Thus given \(1< p < \infty\) it is an optimal maximal function because its Lebesgue bounds allow to recover optimal Lebesgue bounds for \(T\) via \[ \|T\|_{L^p \rightarrow L^{\tilde{q}}} \leq \| M^{[p]+1}\|^{1/p}_{L^{(\tilde{q}/p)'} \rightarrow L^{(q/p)'}}. \] In this paper the author extends (1) to more general maximally modulated Calderón-Zygmund operators by an optimal maximal function. For this goal, he defines the maximally modulated Calderón-Zygmund operator \(T^{\Phi}\) as \[ T^{\Phi}f(x) := \sup_{\alpha \in A} |T(\mathcal{M}^{\phi_{\alpha}})(x)|, \] where \(\Phi = \{\phi_{\alpha} \}_{\alpha \in A}\) is a family of real-valued measurable functions indexed by an arbitrary set \(A\) and \(\mathcal{M}^{\phi_{\alpha}}f(x):= e^{2\pi i \phi_{\alpha}(x)}f(x)\). Also for some \(r_0\) the operator \(T^{\Phi}\) assumes a priori weak type unweighted inequalities \[ \|T^{\Phi}f\|_{L^{r, \infty}} \leq \psi(r)\|f\|_r \tag{2} \] for \(1 < r \leq r_0\), where \(\psi(r)\) is a function that captures the dependence of the operator norm on \(r\). As a result, he proves a Fefferman-Stein type inequality about maximally modulated Calderón-Zygmund operator \(T^{\Phi}\) under the assumption (2), and the Carleson operator \(\mathcal{C}\), that is, \(U: L^p(M^{[p]+1}w) \rightarrow L^p(w)\) for \(U = T^{\Phi}\) or \(\mathcal{C}\). He also obtains Fefferman-Stein type inequalities for the maximal multiplier operator of bounded variation, a vector-valued maximally modulated Calderón-Zygmund operator, and more general two-weighted inequalities for the maximally modulated Calderón-Zygmund operator \(T^{\Phi}\).