Clean-like properties in pullbacks and amalgamation rings (Q1714994)

A commutative ring $R$ with identity is said to be a \textit{clean ring} if every element is the sum of a unit and an idempotent. This implies that every element is also the difference of a unit and an idempotent. A ring is \textit{weakly clean} if every element is the sum or difference of a unit and an idempotent. An element $x$ is \textit{unit regular} if $x = x u^{-1}x$ for some unit $u$, and $R$ is a \textit{unit regular ring} if every element is unit regular. A ring $R$ is \textit{almost clean} if each $x \in R$ can be written as $x = r + e$ where $r \in \hbox{Reg}(R)$ and $e \in \hbox{Id}(R)$, where $\hbox{Reg}(R)$ is the set of regular elements of $R$ and $\hbox{Id}(R)$ is the set of idempotents. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the behavior of these properties under pullbacks and amalgamations. The author presents new classes of such rings.