The closed span of some exponential system in weighted Banach spaces on the real line and a moment problem (Q1715056)

This paper is about the convergence and density of the exponential polynomials $$g_m(z)=\sum_{n=1}^m\left(\sum_{k=0}^{\mu_n-1} c_{n,k}z^k\right)e^{\lambda_n z},~~c_{n,k}\in\mathbb{C},$$characterized by the sequence $\Lambda=(\lambda_k,\mu_k)$ with $\lambda_k$ positive and strictly increasing. \par Let $E_\Lambda=\{z^ne^{\lambda_kz}\}$ denote the corresponding generating system. Two Banach spaces are considered: $C_w$ where $w$ is a positive weight and $\Vert f\Vert_{C_w}=\sup\{\vert f(t)e^{-w(t)}\vert :t\in\mathbb{R}\}$ and $L_w^p$ with $\Vert f\Vert_{L_w^p}=\left(\int_{\mathbb{R}}\vert f(t)e^{-w(t)}\vert ^p\right)^{1/p}$, $p\ge1$. The main result of the paper concerns conditions prescribed on $\Lambda$ and $w$ such that any function in the closed span of $E_\Lambda$ in any of the two Banach spaces can be analytically extended to an entire function in $\mathbb{C}$. This holds for example when $\lambda_k=p_k$ and $\mu_k=p_{k+1}-p_k$ where $p_k$ are the successive prime numbers and when $w$ satisfies some additional conditions. In the special case of the Hilbert space $L_w^2$, it is proved that a unique system $(r_{n,k})$ exists that is biorthogonal to $E_\Lambda$. Finally, it is shown that a given sequence $\{d_{n,k}:n\in\mathbb{N},k=1,\ldots,\mu_k-1\}$, bounded in a sense adapted to $\Lambda$ can be considered as a moment sequence with respect to the system $E_\Lambda$ for some function continuous on $\mathbb{R}$ and vanishing at $\pm\infty$. Also a special case of an unweighted polynomial moment problem on $[0,\infty)$ is considered when $E_\Lambda$ is the set of polynomials (with for example moment sequences $d_n=n^n$ or $d_n=n!$).