Fermat-like equations that are not partition regular (Q1715069)

An equation $f(x_1, x_2, \dots, x_n)=0$ is called partition regular on the set $\mathbb{N}$ of natural numbers, if for any partition $\mathbb{N} = C_1\cup \dots \cup C_r$, there exists a (monochromatic) solution $f(a_1, \dots, a_n) = 0$, with $a_1, \dots, a_n \in C_i$, for some $i\in\{1, \dots, r\}$.\par Two of the main results identify conditions under which the equation: $$\sum_{l=1}^h\left(\sum_{i=1}^{s_l} a_{l,i}x^{n_l}_{l,i}\right) = 0$$ (with $a_{l,i}$ non-zero integers and $n_1 < \dots <n_h$), is not partition regular. Similar conditions of non-partition regularity are identified for equations of type: $$\sum_{i=1}^s a_ix_i^n = y^{n+1}$$ where $a_i$ are non-zero integers and $n \in \mathbb{N}$.