A bilinear Bogolyubov theorem (Q1715629)

Let \(V\) be a vector space over the field of prime element \(\mathbb{F}_{p}\). For a set \(A \subset V\) we define the sumset \[ A + A - A - A = \{a_{1} + a_{2} - a_{3} - a_{4}|(a_{1}, a_{2}, a_{3}, a_{4}) \in A^{4}\} \] The horizontal and vertical additive operations on \(P\) are defined by \[ P \pm P = \{(x_{1} \pm x_{2}, y)| ((x_{1},y),(x_{2},y)) \in P^{2}\}, \] \[ P \pm P = \{(x,y_{1} \pm y_{2})| ((x,y_{1}),(x,y_{2})) \in P^{2}\}, \] respectively. Let \(\phi(P) = P + P - P - P\), where the additions and subtractions are vertical additive operations and \(\varphi(P) = P + P - P - P\), where the additions and subtractions are horizontal additive operations. In this paper the authors prove that for any \(\delta > 0\) there exists a constant \(c(\delta) > 0\) such that the following holds. Let \(P \subset V \times V\) with density \(\frac{|P|}{|V|} = \delta\). Then there exist subspaces \(W_{1}, W_{2} \le V\) of codimension \(r_{1}, r_{2}\) and a family of bilinear forms \(Q_{1}, \dots{} ,Q_{r_{3}}\) on \(W_{1} \times W_{2}\) such that \[ \varphi \phi \varphi(P) \supset \{(x,y)\in W_{1} \times W_{2}|Q_{1}(x,y)= \dots{} = Q_{r_{3}}(x,y) = 0\} \] where \(\max(r_{1},r_{2},r_{3}) \le c(\delta)\). Furthermore, they conjecture that \(c(\delta)\) can be taken as \(O(\log^{O(1)}\delta^{-1})\), which was proved recently by \textit{K. Hosseini} and \textit{S. Lovett} [Discrete Anal. 2019, Article No. 10, 14 p. (2019; Zbl 1479.11031)] applying larger number of iterations such as \(\varphi \phi \varphi \phi \phi \varphi(P)\). The proof is based on Fourier analysis and uses some tools from additive combinatorics as well.