Equivariant formality of Hamiltonian transversely symplectic foliations (Q1719659)

If \({\mathcal{F}}\) is a foliation on a smooth manifold \(M\) of codimension \(m\), \(\Xi(M)\) is the Lie algebra of smooth vector fields on \(M\), \(\Xi({\mathcal{F}})\subset\Xi(M)\) is the Lie subalgebra of vector fields which are tangent to the leaves of \({\mathcal{F}}\), then an element \(X\in\Xi(M)\) is called foliate, if \([X,Y]\in\Xi({\mathcal{F}})\) for any \(Y\in\Xi({\mathcal{F}})\). The set \(L(M,{\mathcal{F}})\) of foliate fields is a Lie subalgebra of \(\Xi(M)\). A transverse vector field is a smooth section of \(TM/T{\mathcal{F}}\) that is induced by a foliate vector field. The set \(l(M,{\mathcal{F}})=L(M,{\mathcal{F}})/\Xi({\mathcal{F}})\) of transverse fields admits a Lie algebra structure with an induced Lie bracket from \(L(M,{\mathcal{F}})\). The space of basic forms on \(M\) is defined as \(\Omega(M,{\mathcal{F}})=\{\alpha\; :\;\imath(X)\alpha={\mathcal{L}}(X)\alpha=0\}\subset\Omega(M)\). Since the exterior differential operator \(d\) preserves basic forms, the sequence \(\cdots\rightarrow\Omega^{k-1}(M,{\mathcal{F}})\overset{d}{\rightarrow}\Omega^{k-1}(M,{\mathcal{F}})\overset{d}{\rightarrow}\cdots\) is the basic de Rham complex that is a subcomplex of the de Rham complex \(\{\Omega^*(M),d\}\). The cohomology of the basic de Rham complex \(H(M,{\mathcal{F}})=\{\Omega^*(M,{\mathcal{F}}),d\}\) is called the basic cohomology of \(M\) with respect to the foliation \({\mathcal{F}}\). If \(P\) is the integrable subbundle of \(TM\) associated to \({\mathcal{F}}\), then \({\mathcal{F}}\) is said to be a transversely symplectic foliation, if there exists a closed 2-form \(\omega\), called the transversely symplectic form, such that for each \(x\in M\), the kernel of \(\omega_x\) coincides with the fiber of \(P\) at \(x\). If \((M,{\mathcal{F}},\omega)\) is a transversely symplectic foliation of codimension \(2n\), then \(\omega\) induces a nondegenerate bilinear paring \(B(\cdot,\cdot)\) on \(\Omega^p(M,{\mathcal{F}})\), which in turn gives rise to the symplectic Hodge star operator \(\star\) on \(\Omega^p(M,{\mathcal{F}})\) as \(\beta\wedge\star\alpha=B(\alpha,\beta)\frac{\omega^n}{n!}\) for any \(\alpha,\beta\in \Omega^p(M,{\mathcal{F}})\). The transpose operator \(\delta\) of \(d\) is defined by \(\delta:\Omega^p(M,{\mathcal{F}})\to\Omega^{p-1}(M,{\mathcal{F}})\), \(\alpha\mapsto(-1)^{p+1}\star d\star\alpha\). If \(L:\Omega^*(M,{\mathcal{F}})\to\Omega^{*+2}(M,{\mathcal{F}})\), \(\alpha\mapsto\alpha\wedge\omega\) is an operator on the space of basic forms, \((M,{\mathcal{F}},\omega)\) is a transversely symplectic foliation of codimension \(2n\), then \(M\) is said to satisfy the transverse hard Lefschetz property, if for any \(0\leq k\leq n\), the map \(L^k:H^{n-k}(M,{\mathcal{F}})\to H^{n+k}(M,{\mathcal{F}})\) is an isomorphism. A transverse action of a finite-dimensional Lie algebra \({\mathfrak{g}}\) on a foliated manifold \((M,{\mathcal{F}})\) is defined to be a Lie algebra homomorphism \({\mathfrak{g}}\to l(M,{\mathcal{F}})\). If \(G\) is a Lie group with the Lie algebra \({\mathfrak{g}}\) on a foliated manifold \((M,{\mathcal{F}})\), then it is said that the action of \(G\) is transverse if the image of the associated infinitesimal action map \({\mathfrak{g}}\to\Xi(M)\) lies in \(L(M,{\mathcal{F}})\). The space \(\Omega(M,{\mathcal{F}}):=\Omega_{\text{bas}}\) is a \(G^*\)-module and \(\Omega_{G,\text{bas}}:=Q_G(M,{\mathcal{F}})=[S({\mathfrak{g}}^*)\otimes Q(M,{\mathcal{F}})]^G\) is called the equivariant basic Cartan complex. The equivariant basic cohomology of the transverse \(G\)-action on \((M,{\mathcal{F}})\) is defined to be the total cohomology of the equivariant basic Cartan complex \(\{Q_G(M,{\mathcal{F}}),d_G\}\), which is denoted by \(H_G(M,{\mathcal{F}})\). A transverse \(G\)-action on \((M,{\mathcal{F}})\) is equivariantly formal if \(H_G(M,{\mathcal{F}})\cong S({\mathfrak{g}}^*)^G\otimes H(H,{\mathcal{F}})\) as graded \(S({\mathfrak{g}}^*)^G\)-modules. The \(G\)-action of a compact connected Lie group \(G\) with the Lie algebra \({\mathfrak{g}}\) on a transversely symplectic foliation \((M,{\mathcal{F}},\omega)\) is said to be Hamiltonian, if the \(G\)-action preserves the transversely symplectic form \(\omega\), and if there exists an equivariant map \(\Phi:M\to{\mathfrak{g}}^*\), called a moment map, such that \(d\langle\phi,\xi\rangle=\imath(\xi)\omega\), for each \(\xi\in{\mathfrak{g}}\), where \(\langle\cdot,\cdot\rangle\) denotes the dual pairing between \({\mathfrak{g}}\) and \({\mathfrak{g}}^*\). In this paper, the authors consider the Hamiltonian action of a compact connected Lie group on a transversely symplectic foliation which satisfies the transverse hard Lefschetz property. They show that if \((M,{\mathcal{F}},\omega)\) is a transversely symplectic foliation with the transverse hard Lefschetz property, then (i) every basic cohomology class has a symplectic harmonic representative, i.e., \(d\alpha=\delta\alpha=0\), (ii) on the space of basic forms, \(\text{im}\, d\cap\ker\delta=\ker d\cap \text{im}\, d=\text{im}\, d\delta\), and (iii) the \(d\)-chain maps in the diagram \(\Omega(M,{\mathcal{F}})\leftarrow\Omega_\delta(M,{\mathcal{F}})\rightarrow H(\Omega(M,{\mathcal{F}}),\delta)\) are quasi-isomorphisms that induce isomorphisms in cohomology, where \(\Omega_\delta(M,{\mathcal{F}})=\ker\delta\cap\Omega(M,{\mathcal{F}})\) and \(H(\Omega(M,{\mathcal{F}}),\delta)\) is the homology of \(\Omega(M,{\mathcal{F}})\) with respect to \(\delta\). The double subcomplex of \(\Omega_{G,\text{bas}}\) is defined as \(\Omega^\delta_{G,\text{bas}}=\ker\delta\cap\Omega_{G,\text{bas}}\), the homology \(H(\Omega_{G,\text{bas}},\delta)\) with respect to \(\delta\) is a double complex with differentials induced by \(d\) and \(\delta\), and \((*)\;\Omega_{G,\text{bas}}\leftarrow\Omega^\delta_{G,\text{bas}}\rightarrow H(\Omega_{G,\text{bas}},\delta)\) is a diagram of morphisms of double complexes. The main result of the paper states that if \((M,{\mathcal{F}},\omega)\) is a compact transversely symplectic manifold that satisfies the transverse hard Lefschetz property, and a compact connected Lie group \(G\) acts on \(M\) in a Hamiltonian fashion, then the morphisms in \((*)\) induce isomorphisms of \(S({\mathfrak{g}}^*)^G\)-modules \[ H_G(M,{\mathcal{F}})\overset{\cong}{\leftarrow}H(\Omega^\delta_{G,\text{bas}},g_G)\overset{\cong}{\rightarrow}H(\Omega_{G,\text{bas}},\delta). \] Also, the authors show that if \(\alpha\in\Omega_{G,\text{bas}}\) is an equivariant basic form satisfying \(d_{G}\alpha=0\) and \(\delta\alpha=0\), and \(\alpha\) is either \(d_G\)-exact or \(\delta\)-exact, then there exists \(\beta\in\Omega_{G,\text{bas}}\) such that \(\alpha=d_G\delta\beta\). Finally, as an application, the authors show that if the foliation is also Riemannian, then there exists a natural formal Frobenius manifold structure on the equivariant basic cohomology of the foliation.