Enhanced adjoint actions and their orbits for the general linear group (Q1719664)

Let \(V=\mathbb{C}^n\) be the \(n\)-dimensional vector space over \(\mathbb{C}\). Consider the general linear group \(G=\mathrm{GL}(V)=\mathrm{GL}_n(\mathbb{C})\) and the the space \(W\), the direct sum of \(p\) copies of \(V\), \(q\) copies of \(V^*\), and \(M_n\), i.e., \(W\cong M_{n,p}\oplus M_{q,n}\oplus M_n\). Then \(G\) acts naturally on \(W\) by \[ g\cdot(B,C,A)=(gB,Cg^{-1},\mathrm{Ad}(g)A) \] for \(g\in G\) and \((B,C,A)\in W\). The representation \(W\) is called the \textit{fully enhanced adjoint} representation of \(G\). Clearly, the study of the invariant ring \(\mathbb{C}[W]^G\), the quotient space \(W/\!/G\), the orbits, the null cones and so on, can be viewed as an extension of the classical invariant theory. The paper under review mainly obtains three remarkable theorems: \begin{itemize} \item[(1)] If \(p=1\) or \(q=1\), the quotient map \(\pi_W\) is an affine categorical quotient map; and the invariant ring \(\mathbb{C}[W]^G\) was calculated. \item[(2)] For general \(p,q\geq 1\), the dimension of the image \(\dim Im(\pi_W)\) is equal to \(n(p+q)\), and a general fiber of \(\pi_W\) is a single \(G\)-orbit of dimension \(n^2\). \item[(3)] The null cone \(\mathfrak{N}(W)\) is reducible and it has \(n+1\) irreducible components \(C_k(0 \leq k \leq n)\). The dimension of the null cone is \(n^2-n+n\cdot\max\{p,q\}\) and \(\mathfrak{N}(W)\) is equidimensional if and only if \(p=q\). \end{itemize}