Control of fluctuations and heavy tails for heat variation in the two-time measurement framework (Q1725712)

The authors study the fluctuations of the quantities entering the first law of thermodynamics for isolated locally perturbed systems. Mainly, the heat fluctuation in quantum systems are studied. Some sufficient ultraviolet regularity conditions are given on the bounded perturbation for the moments of the heat variation to be uniformly bounded in time. Moreover, such conditions are obtained for the Fourier transform of the heat variation distribution to be analytic, uniformly bounded in time. For some canonical examples it is shown that the ultraviolet conditions are necessary. In the case when the conditions are not satisfied, the heat variation distribution exhibits heavy tails, which can be as heavy as preventing the existence of a fourth moment of the heat variation.