Pólya's conjecture fails for the fractional Laplacian (Q1733077)

Summary: The analogue of Pólya's conjecture is shown to fail for the fractional Laplacian \((-\Delta)^{\alpha/2}\) on an interval in 1-dimension, whenever \(0 < \alpha < 2\). The failure is total: every eigenvalue lies below the corresponding term of the Weyl asymptotic. In 2-dimensions, the fractional Pólya conjecture fails already for the first eigenvalue, when \(0 < \alpha < 0.984\).