Universality of the periodic Hurwitz zeta-function with rational parameter (Q1734978)

Voronin's theorem from 1975 states that the Riemann zeta function is universal in the sense that its shifts approximate a wide class of analytic functions. More precisely, let \(\mathscr{K}\) be the class of compact subsets of the strip \(D=\left\{s \in \mathbb{C}: \frac{1}{2}<\sigma<1\right\}\) having connected complements and let \(H_{0}(K)\) \((K \in \mathscr{K})\), be the class of continuous functions without zeros in \(K\) and analytic inside \(K\). Then Voronin's theorem states that \[ \liminf _{T \rightarrow \infty} \frac{1}{T} \mu\left\{\tau \in[0, T]: \sup _{s \in K}|\zeta(s+i \tau)-f(s)|<\varepsilon\right\}>0 \] for all \(K \in \mathscr{K}, f(s) \in H_{0}(K)\), and \(\varepsilon>0 .\) Here \(\mu A\) is the Lebesgue measure of a measurable subset \(A \subset \mathbb{R}\). It was later observed that the Hurwitz zeta function \[ \zeta(s, \alpha)=\sum_{m=0}^{\infty} \frac{1}{(m+\alpha)^{s}} \] is also universal if \(\alpha\) is transcendental or rational, different from 1 and \(1/2\). (For algebraic irrational \(\alpha\) the question is still open.) The authors of the present paper define the periodic Hurwitz zeta function \[ \zeta(s, \alpha ; \mathfrak a)=\sum_{m=0}^{\infty} \frac{a_{m}}{(m+\alpha)^{s}}, \] where \[ \mathfrak{a}=\left\{a_{m}: m \in \mathbb{N}_{0}=\mathbb{N} \cup\{0\}\right\} \] is a periodic sequence of complex numbers with minimal period \(q\ge1\). Clearly, the analytic properties (also universality) depends on the sequence \(\mathfrak{a}\). It is proved in the present paper that if \(\alpha\) is rational, then the periodic Hurwitz zeta function is universal when some conditions regarding \(\alpha\) and the period \(q\) are met. (It had already been known before this paper that in the case when \(\alpha\) is transcendental, the universality does not depend on the sequence \(\mathfrak{a}\).)