Doubling inequality and nodal sets for solutions of bi-Laplace equations (Q1738295)

The author investigates the doubling inequality and nodal sets for the solutions of the bi-Laplacian equation \[ \Delta^2u=W(x)u\text{ in }\mathcal{M}, \] where $\mathcal{M}$ is a compact and smooth Riemannian manifold of dimension $n\ge 2$ and $\|W\|_{L^\infty}\le M$ with a large constant $M$. The nodal sets are the zero level sets of the solutions. The author studies how the upper bound of the nodal sets depends on the potential functions appearing in the investigated equation. A polynomial upper bound for the solutions and their gradients, and two types of doubling inequalities are shown. The rate of vanishing is given for the solutions.