Remainders of products, topological groups and \(C_p\)-spaces (Q1738949)

In this article, it is assumed that every space under consideration is Tychonoff and has at least two points. One of the main aims of the article is to show in ZFC sufficient conditions on a dense subspace $D$ of an uncountable product of non-compact spaces to have the property that, for every Hausdorff compactification $bD$ of $D$, the remainder $bD\setminus D$ is pseudocompact or both pseudocompact and $C$-embedded in $bD$. The authors pay special attention to the case when $D$ is of the form $C_p(X, G)$ where $X$ is a space, while $G$ is a Hausdorff topological group. As usual, $C_p(X, G)\subseteq G^X$ is the space of all continuous mappings from $X$ to $G$, equipped with the topology of pointwise convergence. In particular, assuming that $\mathcal{L}$ is an $\omega$-directed lattice of continuous $d$-open mappings of a space $X$ onto Tychonoff spaces such that, for every $f\in\mathcal{L}$ and for every $x\in X$, the fiber $f^{-1}(f(x))$ is not compact, the authors prove that, for every Hausdorff compactification $bX$ of $X$, the remainder $Y=bX\setminus X$ is pseudocompact and, in addition, $bX$ is the Čech-Stone compactification of $Y$ if the o-tightness of $X$ is countable. In consequence, if $X$ is a product of uncountably many non-compact spaces, then, for every Hausdorff compactification $bX$ of $X$, the remainder $Y=bX\setminus X$ is pseudocompact and, moreover, when $X$ is of countable cellularity, then $Y$ is $C$-embedded in $bX$ and $bX$ is the Čech-Stone compactification of $Y$. Among a lot of results on topological groups, it is proved, for example, that if a Hausdorff topological group $H$ contains a dense $\sigma$-compact subgroup and every non-empty $G_{\delta}$-set in $H$ is not compact or if the group $H$ is pseudocompact and not compact, then, for every Hausdorff compactification $bH$ of $H$, the remainder $Y=bH\setminus H$ is pseudocompact and $C$-embedded in $bH$, and $bH$ is the Čech-Stone compactification of $Y$. If $X$ is an uncountable space and $G$ is a non-compact Hausdorff topological group such that $C_p(X, G)$ is dense in $G^X$, then all remainders of $C_p(X, G)$ in Hausdorff compactifications of $C_p(X, G)$ are pseudocompact. If $X$ is a non-separable space, then, for every Hausdorff compactification $bC_p(X)$ of $C_p(X)$, the remainder $bC_p(X)\setminus C_p(X)$ is pseudocompact and $C$-embedded in $bC_p(X)$. There are also similar results on remainders of $\Sigma$-products and $\sigma$-products of uncountably many non-trivial metrizable topological groups. Assuming that $X$ is a countable infinite space, it is proved that all remainders of $C_p(X)$ are Lindelöf and not pseudocompact, all remainders of $C_p(X)$ are Baire and not $\sigma$-compact when $X$ is not discrete and, furthermore, all remainders of $C_p(X)$ are $\sigma$-compact and not Baire when $X$ is discrete. Some other deep theorems, included in the article, have more complicated assumptions. The notion of a Čech-complete space and its generalizations are involved in some theorems. A list of open problems finishes the article. Open problems on weak pseudocompactness, posed in [\textit{F. W. Eckertson}, Topology Appl. 72, No. 2, 149--157 (1996; Zbl 0857.54022)] and [\textit{A. Dorantes-Aldama} and \textit{D. Shakhmatov}, Topology Appl. 226, 134--164 (2017; Zbl 1376.54031)], are repeated.