Chern class of Schubert cells in the flag manifold and related algebras (Q1745383)

Let \(G\) be a connected simple algebraic group over complex numbers, let \(B\) be a Borel subgroup, \(T\subset B\) a maximal torus and let \(W\) be the associated Weyl group. Let \(X:=G/B\) be the full flag variety. For any \(w\in W\), let \(X(w):=\overline{BwB/B}\) be the associated Schubert variety and \(X(w)^o:=BwB/B\) the corresponding Schubert cell. Express the Chern-Schwartz-MacPherson class \(C_{SM}(X(w)^o)\) of \(X(w)^o\) in terms of the fundamental class \([X(u)]\) of \(X(u)\) basis: \[ C_{SM}(X(w)^o) =\sum_{u\in W}\, c(w,u) [X(u)]. \] Following the definition of \textit{T. Ohmoto} [Math. Proc. Camb. Philos. Soc. 140, No. 1, 115--134 (2006; Zbl 1085.14007)], we also have their \(T\)-equivariant version, giving the decomposition: \[ C^T_{SM}(X(w)^o) =\sum_{u\in W}\, c_T(w,u) [X(u)]. \] It was conjectured by \textit{P. Aluffi} and \textit{L. C. Mihalcea} [Compos. Math. 152, No. 12, 2603--2625 (2016; Zbl 1375.14163)] that \( c(w,u)\) are non-negative. (It was proved to be true for the Grassmannians by \textit{J. Huh} [J. Algebr. Geom. 25, No. 1, 177--199 (2016; Zbl 1375.14167)].) In the paper under review, the author proves that this nonnegativity conjecture of Aluffi-Mihalcea for \(G=\mathrm{SL}(n)\) follows from a certain non-negativity conjecture of Fomin-Kirillov formulated in terms of their Fomin-Kirillov algebra. Another main result of the paper asserts that for any \(G\), \(c_T(w,u)\) is a certain non-negative linear combination of the equivariant structure constants of the Bott-Samelson desingularizations. It should however be mentioned that the equivariant structure constants of the Bott-Samuelson desingularizations, in general, do have negative coefficients expressed as polynomials in the simple roots. This result has led the author to conjecture that \( c(w,u)\) are bounded below by a certain sum of the cohomology structure constants for the flag variety \(X\). The work relies on the nil-Hecke ring introduced by \textit{B. Kostant} and \textit{S. Kumar} [Adv. Math. 62, 187--237 (1986; Zbl 0641.17008)], the generalized nil-Hecke ring introduced by \textit{A. Berenstein} and \textit{E. Richmond} [Adv. Math. 284, 54--111 (2015; Zbl 1346.20062)] and the Fomin-Kirillov algebra.