New axiomatizable classes of Banach spaces via disjointness-preserving isometries (Q1746031)

A class of Banach spaces (resp., Banach lattices) is said to be axiomatizable if it is closed under surjective linear isometries (resp., isometric vector lattice isomorphisms), ultraproducts and ultraroots, where an ultraroot of a Banach space (resp., Banach lattice) \(X\) is another Banach space (resp., Banach lattice) \(Y\) such that \(X\) is linearly isometric (resp., vector lattice isometric) to an ultrapower of \(Y\). The term ``axiomatizable'' refers to the possibility of characterizing the class by a list of axioms. Each class of Banach spaces or Banach lattices \(\mathcal{C}\) has associated a script-class in a similar way as the \(L_p(\mu)\)-spaces have associated the \(\mathcal{L}_p\)-spaces, in which finite-dimensional subspaces are contained in suitable subspaces which are uniformly isomorphic to \(\ell_p^n\). This paper considers some cases in which the axiomatizability of a class \(\mathcal{C}\) of Banach lattices implies the axiomatizability of the underlying class \(\mathcal{C}^\mathcal{B}\) of Banach spaces. Note that, in transferring axiomatizability from \(\mathcal{C}\) to \(\mathcal{C}^\mathcal{B}\), there is no problem with closure under ultraproducts; the issue is in closure under ultraroots. In this vein, as a consequence of the main result (Theorem 3.3), it is proved that a Banach space ultraroot \(X\) of an order continuous Banach lattice \(L\) satisfying the DPIU property (every linear isometry of \(L\) into any of its ultrapowers preserves disjointness) is linearly isometric to a sublattice of \(L\), which turns out to be a Banach lattice ultraroot of \(L\). Among other results, given an axiomatizable class of real or complex order continuous Banach lattices \(\mathcal{C}\) satisfying the DPIU, it is proved that \(\mathcal{C}^\mathcal{B}\) is axiomatizable. If, additionally, \(\mathcal{C}\) coincides with its script class of Banach lattices, then \(\mathcal{C}^\mathcal{B}\) coincides with its script class of Banach spaces. This allows the author to give new examples of axiomatizable classes of Banach spaces, namely, certain Musielak-Orlicz spaces, Nakano spaces, and mixed norm spaces.