On relations equivalent to the generalized Riemann hypothesis for the Selberg class (Q1746210)

The Selberg class \(\mathcal{S}\) is, roughly, the set of all Dirichlet series which converges absolutely for \(\mathrm{Re}(s)>1\) such that it can be extended meromorphically to \(\mathbb{C}\) with at most a pole at \(s=1\), has a functional equation, satisfies a Ramanujan conjecture and possesses an Euler product. As a wider class of \(\mathcal{S}\), we have the extended Selberg class \(\mathcal{S}^{\#}\) consisting of Dirichlet series satisfying the first two conditions above. The main class of this paper is the class \(\mathcal{S}^{\#\flat}\subset \mathcal{S}^{\#}\) consisting of Dirichlet series which possesses an Euler sum. Remark that it contains both the Selberg class \(\mathcal{S}\) and (unconditionally) the class of all automorphic \(L\) functions attached to automorphic irreducible unitary cuspidal representations of \(\mathrm{GL}_N(\mathbb{Q})\). It is conjectured that all \(F\in\mathcal{S}\) satisfy the generalized Riemann hypothesis (GRH), however, it may fail for some function in \(\mathcal{S}^{\#\flat}\). Therefore, it is of interest to deduce criteria equivalent to the GRH in the class \(\mathcal{S}^{\#\flat}\). Let \(\mathcal{S}^{\#\flat}_0\) be the set of all \(F\in\mathcal{S}^{\#\flat}\) which does not vanish at zero. For \(F\in\mathcal{S}^{\#\flat}_0\) and \(n\in\mathbb{Z}\setminus\{0\}\), the generalized \(n\)th Li coefficient attached to \(F\) is defined by \[ \lambda_F(n)=\lim_{T\to\infty}\sum_{\substack{\rho\in Z(F) \\ |\mathrm{Im}(\rho)|\leq T}}\left(1-\left(1-\frac{1}{\rho}\right)^n\right), \] where \(Z(F)\) is the set of all non-trivial zeros of \(F\). In this paper, the authors show that the GRH for \(F\in \mathcal{S}^{\#\flat}_0\) is equivalent to the integral representation \[ \mathrm{Re}(\lambda_F(n))=16n\int^{\infty}_{0}N_F(x)\frac{x}{(4x^2+1)^2}U_{n-1}\left(\frac{4x^2-1}{4x^2+1}\right)dx-\left(1-(-1)^n\right)N_F(0) \] for all positive integers \(n\), or, equivalently, to the representation \[ \mathrm{Re}(\lambda_F(n))=\sum_{\rho=\sigma+i\gamma\in Z(F)}\left(1-T_n\left(\frac{4\gamma^2-1}{4\gamma^2+1}\right)\right) \] for all positive integers \(n\). Here, \(N_F(x)\) denotes the counting function of the number of non-trivial zeros \(\rho \in Z(F)\) such that \(|\mathrm{Im}(\rho)|\leq x\) (hence \(N_F(0)\) is the number of Siegel zeros of \(F\)) and \(T_{n}(x)\) and \(U_n(x)\) are the Chebyshev polynomials of the first and second kind, respectively. Moreover, evaluating the above integral, the authors also deduce further relations involving the generalized Euler-Stieltjes constants of the second kind associated to \(F\), which are equivalent to the GRH. As an application, finally, the authors derive relations equivalent to the GRH for automorphic \(L\)-functions attached to irreducible, cuspidal unitary representations of \(\mathrm{GL}_N(\mathbb{Q})\).