On maximizing the fundamental frequency of the complement of an obstacle (Q1747389)

We mainly reproduce the authors' summary with some additional details. Let \(\Omega \subset {\mathbb R}^n\) be a bounded domain satisfying the following asymmetry condition: \[ \frac{|B_{r_0}(x) \setminus \Omega|}{|B_{r_0}(x)|} \geq \alpha \] for all \(x \in \partial \Omega\), and all \(r_0 > 0\). ''Let \( D \) be an arbitrary bounded domain referred to as ``obstacle''. We are interested in the behaviour of the first Dirichlet eigenvalue \( \lambda_1(\Omega \setminus (x+D)) \). First, we prove an upper bound on \( \lambda_1(\Omega \setminus (x+D)) \) in terms of the distance of the set \( x+D \) to the set of maximum points \( x_0 \) of the first Dirichlet ground state \( \phi_{\lambda_1} > 0 \) of \( \Omega \). In short, a direct corollary is that if \[ \mu_\Omega := \max_{x}\lambda_1(\Omega \setminus (x+D)) \] is large enough in terms of \( \lambda_1(\Omega) \), then all maximizer sets \( x+D \) of \( \mu_\Omega \) are close to each maximum point \( x_0 \) of \( \phi_{\lambda_1} \). Second, we discuss the distribution of \( \phi_{\lambda_1(\Omega)} \) and the possibility to inscribe wavelength balls at a given point in \( \Omega \). Finally, we specify our observations to convex obstacles \( D \) and show that if \( \mu_\Omega \) is sufficiently large with respect to \( \lambda_1(\Omega) \), then all maximizers \( x+D \) of \( \mu_\Omega \) contain all maximum points \( x_0 \) of \( \phi_{\lambda_1(\Omega)} \).'' Only a sketch of the proofs are given.