On the Cauchy problem for differential operators with double characteristics, a transition from non-effective to effective characteristics (Q1747516)

The paper is devoted to the Cauchy problem for differential operators with double characteristics. The author is interested in models with transitions from non-effective to effective hyperbolicity. The model operator of interest is \[ P(x,D)=-D_0^2 + A_1(x,D')D_0+A_2(x,D'), \] a differential operator of order \(2\) in \(D_0\). The \(A_j=A_j(x,D')\) are classical pseudodifferential operators of order \(j\) on \(\mathbb{R}^n\) depending smoothly on \(x_0\), where \(x=(x_0,x_1,\cdots,x_n)\). Then the symbol of \(P(x,D)\) is \[ P(x,\xi)=P(x_0,x',\xi_0,\xi')=p(x,\xi)+P_1(x,\xi)+P_0(x,\xi), \] where \(p\), \(P_1\) and \(P_0\) are the principal symbol, the first-order and the zeroth-order parts of the symbol of \(P(x,D)\). It is assumed, that the principal symbol vanishes exactly of order \(2\) on a \(C^\infty\) manifold \(\Sigma\) with the rank condition \[ \text{rank }\Big(\sum\limits_{j=0}^n d\xi_j \wedge dx_j \Big|_{\Sigma}\Big) =\text{const}. \] Moreover, it is assumed that \(\text{codim }\Sigma=3\) and that the spectral structure of the Hamiltonian map changes simply across a submanifold \(S \subset \Sigma\) of codimension \(1\). The change of the spectral structure of Hamiltonian is classified into three cases: {\parindent=0.7cm\begin{itemize}\item[1.] \(p\) is non-effectively hyperbolic on \(\Sigma\), \item[2.] \(p\) is effectively hyperbolic on \(\Sigma \setminus S\) and non-effectively hyperbolic on \(S\), \item[3.] \(p\) is non-effectively hyperbolic on \(S\), non-effectively hyperbolic on on side of \(S\) and effectively hyperbolic on the other side of \(S\). \end{itemize}} Then the main result of the paper is the following: Theorem. Assume that there is no bicharacteristic tangent to \(\Sigma\) and there exist positive constants \(\varepsilon\) and \(C_0\) such that \[ (1-\varepsilon)\mu(\rho) + \Re P_{sub}(\rho)\geq \varepsilon,\quad |\Im P_{sub}(\rho)| \leq C_0 e(\rho),\quad \rho \in \Sigma \cap \{|\xi|=1\}, \] where \(\pm e(\rho), e(\rho)\geq 0\), are real eigenvalues and \(\pm i\mu(\rho), \mu(\rho)\geq 0\) are purely imaginary eigenvalues of the Hamiltonian \(F_p=F_p(\rho)\). In the third case \(n=2\). Then the Cauchy problem for \(P\) is well-posed in all Gevrey spaces \(\Gamma^s\) for \(s>1\).