The density of numbers \(n\) having a prescribed G.C.D. with the \(n\)th Fibonacci number (Q1749025)

Given a positive integer \(k\), let \(A_k\) denote the set of all positive integers \(n\) such that \(\gcd(n, F_n ) = k\), where \(F_n\) denotes the \(n\)th Fibonacci number. The authors prove that the asymptotic density of \(A_k\) exists for each positive integer \(k\) and is equal to \(\sum_{d=1}^\infty \mu(k)/\ell(dk)\), where \(\mu\) stands for the Möbius function, and \(\ell(m)\) for the l.c.m. of \(m\) and the rank of appearance \(z(m)\). They also prove that the asymptotic density of \(A_k\) is non-vanishing if and only if \(A_k\) is non-empty which occurs if and only if \(k=\gcd(\ell(k),F_{\ell(k)})\). They conclude with a note how to extend these results to non-degenerate Lucas sequences.