Determining system poles using row sequences of orthogonal Hermite-Padé approximants (Q1749038)

The aim of the paper is to give a generalization of the Montessus de Ballore Gonchar theorem (Theorems 1.4 and 1.7 from Constr. Approx. 38 (2013),133--160; Zbl. 1271.30010) in the direction that Taylor expansions of the underlying \(d\)-tuples (\(d\) an integer, \(d\geq 1\)) of functions are replaced by expansions in orthogonal polynomials. The main result is Theorem 1.2. Let \({\mathbf F}=(F_1,F_2,\ldots,F_d)\in{\mathcal H}(E)^d,\;{\mathbf m}\in {\mathbb N}^d\) be a multi-index, and \(\mu\in {\mathbf Reg}_{1,2}^{|{\mathbf m}|}(E)\). Then the following two assertions are equivalent: (a) \({\mathbf F}\) has exactly \(|{\mathbf m}|\) system poles with respect to \({\mathbf m}\), counting multiplicities. (b) The polynomials \(Q_{n,|{\mathbf m}|}^{\mu}\) of \({\mathbf F}\) are uniquely determined for all sufficiently large \(n\), and there exists a polynomial \(Q_{|{\mathbf m}|}\) of degree \(|{\mathbf m}|\) such that \[ \limsup_{n\rightarrow\infty}\,||Q_{n,|{\mathbf m}|}^{\mu}-Q_{|{\mathbf m}|}||^{1/n}=\theta<1. \] Moreover, if either (a) or (b) takes place, then \(Q_{|{\mathbf m}|}=Q_{\mathbf m}^F\), \[ \theta=\max\left\{{|\Phi(\xi)|\over \rho_i({\mathbf F},{\mathbf m})}:\xi\in\mathcal{P}({\mathbf F},{\mathbf m}) \right\}, \] and for any compact subset \(K\) of \(D_{i,0}^{\ast}({\mathbf F},{\mathbf m})\setminus{\mathcal P}({\mathbf F},{\mathbf m})\), \[ \limsup_{n\rightarrow\infty}\,||R_{n,{\mathbf m},i}^{\mu}-F_i||_{K}^{1/n}\leq {||\Phi||_K \over \rho_{i,0}^{\ast}({\mathbf F},{\mathbf m})}, \] where \(||\cdot||_K\) denotes the sup-norm on \(K\) and if \(K\subset E\), then \(||\Phi||_K\) is relaced by \(1\). It would take too much space to give \textit{all} the necessary notations and definitions in detail here. But an important role is played by the \((n,|{\mathbf m}|)\) simultaneous Fourier-Padé approximants of \({\mathbf F}=(F_1,F_2,\ldots,F_d)\) with respect to \(\mu\) (the defining equations use power series with \(z^n\) replaced by the \(n\)-th degree orthogonal polynomial with respect to \(\mu\)): \[ \tilde{{\mathbf R}}_{n,{\mathbf m}}^{\mu}=({\tilde R}_{n,{\mathbf m},1}^{\mu}, \ldots, {\tilde R}_{n,{\mathbf m},d}^{\mu})=({\tilde P}_{n,{\mathbf m},1}^{\mu}/{\tilde Q}_{n,{\mathbf m},1}^{\mu}, \ldots, {\tilde P}_{n,{\mathbf m},d}^{\mu}/{\tilde Q}_{n,{\mathbf m},d}^{\mu}). \] The interest lies specifically in the fact that the limit \(n\rightarrow\infty\) denotes convergence along \textbf{row} sequences; most results up to now deal with diagonal or near diagonal sequences. Also, \(Q_{\mathbf m}^{F}\) have as zeros just the so-called \textit{system poles} of \({\mathbf F}\) with respect to \({\mathbf m}\), taking into account their order. These system poles are defined as follows: \[ {\mathbf F}=(F_1,F_2,\ldots,F_d)\in{\mathcal H}(E)^d,\;{\mathbf m}=(m_1,m_2,\ldots,m_d)\in{\mathbb N}^d, \] then \(\xi\in{\mathbf C}\) is a system pole of order \(\tau\) of \({\mathbf F}\) with respect to \({\mathbf m}\) if \(\tau\) is the largest positive integer such that for each \(t=1,2,\ldots,\tau \) there exists at least one polynomial combination of the form \[ \sum_{i=1}^d\,v_i F_i,\;deg\,v_i<m_i\;(1\leq i\leq d), \] which is holomorphic in a neighborhood of \(\overline{D}_{|\Phi(\xi)|}\), except for a pole at \(z=\xi\) of exact order \(t\). (\(D_{\rho}= E\cup \{z\in{\mathbf C}:|\Phi(z)|<\rho\}\) with \(\Phi\) the unique conformal mapping from \(\overline{{\mathbf C}}\setminus E\) onto \(\{\overline{{\mathbf C}}\setminus\{w\in{\mathbf C}:|w|\leq 1\}\) satisfying \(\Phi(\infty)=\infty\), \(\Phi'(w)>0\)).