General natural \((\alpha ,\varepsilon )\)-structures (Q1757048)

An \(\alpha\)-structure on a \(C^\infty\) manifold \(M\) is a \((1, 1)\)-tensor field \(A\) on \(M\), such that \(A^2 = \alpha I, \,\alpha\in\{-1, 1\}\). The cases \(\alpha=-1, \,\alpha=1\) correspond respectively to (almost) complex and (almost) product structures. A \(2m\)-dimensional Riemannian manifold \((M,g)\) is an \((\alpha,\varepsilon)\)-manifold if it is endowed with an \(\alpha\)-structure \(A\) satisfying the condition \(g(AX,AY)=\varepsilon g(X,Y), \,\varepsilon\in\{-1,1\}, \, \forall X,Y\in \mathfrak{X}(M)\). The situations \((-1,1)\), \((1,-1)\), \((-1,-1)\), \((1,1)\) correspond respectively to (almost) Hermitian, (almost) para-Hermitian, (almost) anti-Hermitian, (almost) product Riemannian structures. In this article, the author provides a unified presentation for the four types of \((\alpha,\varepsilon)\)-structures of general natural lift type on the total space \(TM\) of the tangent bundle of a Riemannian manifold \((M,g)\). She first characterizes the general natural \(\alpha\)-structures on \(TM\) and proves that they are integrable if and only if the base manifold \(M\) is a space form satisfying certain conditions on the coefficients involved in their expressions. Then, she classifies the \((\alpha,\varepsilon)\)-structures of general natural type on \(TM\), providing their characterization for the cases when \(\alpha\) and \(\varepsilon\) have the same sign or different signs, with a special emphasis on the class \(\alpha\varepsilon=-1\). The later class comprises interesting situations, including the almost Kählerian and the Kählerian ones.