The Łojasiewicz exponent at infinity of non-negative and non-degenerate polynomials (Q1757101)

Let \(f:\mathbb{R}^{n}\rightarrow \mathbb{R}\) be a real polynomial. \(f\) is non-negative at infinity if there exists a compact set \(K\subset \mathbb{R} ^{n}\) such that \(f(x)\geq 0\) for \(x\in \mathbb{R}^{n}\backslash K.\) Let \( \Gamma (f)\) be the Newton polyhedron at infinity of \(f\) and \(\Gamma _{\infty }(f)\) the Newton boundary at infinity of \(f\) i.e. this part of the boundary of \(\Gamma (f)\) consisting of these faces for which defining vectors have a negative component. \(f\) is Kushnirenko non-degenerate at infinity if for any face \(\Delta \in \Gamma _{\infty }(f)\) the system of equations \(\frac{ \partial f_{\Delta }}{\partial x_{1}}(x)=0,\ldots ,\frac{\partial f_{\Delta } }{\partial x_{n}}(x)=0\) has no solution in \(\left( \mathbb{R}^{\ast }\right) ^{n}\backslash K\) for some compact set \(K\subset \mathbb{R}^{n}.\) The authors give an effective formula for the specific Łojasiewicz exponent of \(f\) at infinity in the class of non-negative and non-degenerate at infinity polynomials with non-compact zero set in terms of \(\Gamma (f)\). By definition the Łojasiewicz exponent of \(f\) at infinity is the infimum of \(l\in \mathbb{R}_{+}\) such that \[ \left| f(x)\right| \geq C\cdot \text{dist}(x,f^{-1}(0))^{l}\text{ for }x\text{ such that }\text{dist}(x,f^{-1}(0))<\varepsilon \] in some neighborhood of infinity for some \(\varepsilon >0\) and \(C>0.\) Similar formula for the exponent of growth of \(f\) at infinity is also given.