Automorphisms of Hurwitz series (Q1758728)

Rings are considered to be associative, commutative and with identity. The ring of Hurwitz series \(HA\) of a ring \(A\) consists of sequences \(h:\mathbb{N}\rightarrow A\), where \(h(n)\in A\) and \(\mathbb{N}\) is the natural numbers including zero. Addition and multiplication in \(HA\) are defined as \[ (g+h)(n)=g(n)+h(n)\text{ and }(g\cdot h)(n)=\sum_{i=0}^n \left(^{n}_{i}\right) g(i)h(n-i), \] \(g,h\in HA, n\in\mathbb{N}\). With the left shift operator \(\partial h(n)=h(n+1)\), \(HA\) is a differential ring. This definitions were given by the author [Commun. Algebra 25, No. 6, 1845--1859 (1997; Zbl 0884.13013)] and \textit{W. F. Keigher} and \textit{F. L. Pritchard} [J. Pure Appl. Algebra 146, No. 3, 291--304 (2000; Zbl 0978.12007)]. Let \(\text{Der}(A)\) be the set of all derivations on \(A\). In the paper under review, the authors introduce the following terminology: 1) A comorphism \(\alpha: A\rightarrow HA\) is a ring homomorphism such that \[ (\varepsilon \circ \alpha)(a)=a\text{ and } (\overline{\partial}\circ \alpha)(a)=(\alpha\circ H_{\alpha})(a) \] with natural ring homomorphisms \(\varepsilon:HA\rightarrow A\), \(\varepsilon(h)=h(0)\), \(h\in HA\), \(\overline{\partial}:HA\rightarrow HHA\), \(\overline{\partial}(h)(n)=\partial^n(h)\), \(n\in\mathbb{N}\), and \(H_{\alpha}:HA\rightarrow HHA\), \(H_{\alpha}(h)(n)=\alpha(h(n))\). Denote by \(\text{Comor}(A)\) the set of all comorphisms on \(A\). 2) Define \(x^{[n]}\in HA\) by \(x^{[n]}(i)=1\) if \(n=i\) and \(x^{[n]}(i)=0\) if \(n\neq i\). The order \(\text{ord}(h)\) of \(0\neq h\in HA\) is the minimum \(i\in\mathbb{N}\) such that \(h(i)\neq 0\), and \(\text{ord}(0):=\infty\). An automorphism \(\sigma:HA\rightarrow HA\) is a Hurwitz automorphism if \[ (\varepsilon\circ\partial\circ\sigma\circ\lambda)^h=\varepsilon\circ\partial^n\circ\sigma\circ\lambda,\,\, \sigma(x^{[n]})=x^{[n]}\text{ and } \text{ord}(h)\leq \text{ord}(\sigma(h)), \] with ring homomorphism \(\lambda:A\rightarrow HA\), \(\lambda(a)(0)=a\) and \(\lambda(a)(n)=0\), \(n\in\mathbb{N}\backslash\{0\}\), Denote by \(\text{Haut}(A)\) the set of all Hurwitz automorphisms. They prove that \(\text{Der}(A)\), \(\text{Comor}(A)\) and \(\text{Haut}(A)\) are all isomorphic as sets. Let \(\Phi\) be the isomorphism between \(\text{Der}(A)\) and \(\text{Haut}(A)\). It is proved that if \(\Delta\) is a subgroup of \(\text{Der}(A)\) consisting of commuting derivations, then \(\Phi (\Delta)\) is an abelian subgroup of \(\text{Haut}(A)\), and if \(G\) is an abelian subgroup of \(\text{Haut}(A)\) and \(A\) has no \(2\)-torsion (if \(2a=0\Rightarrow a=0\), \(\forall a\in A\) then \(A\) has \(2\) torsion) then \(\{\varepsilon\circ\partial\circ\sigma\circ\lambda \mid\sigma\in G\}\) is an abelian subgroup of \(\text{Der}(A)\). It is noted that a Hurwitz automorphism is a generalization of a Seidenberg automorphism [\textit{A. Seidenberg}, Pac. J. Math. 16, 167--173 (1966; Zbl 0133.29202)], covering the case \(\mathbb{Q}\subsetneq A\) (for instance when the characteristic of \(A\) is positive).