On the abelian fundamental group scheme of a family of varieties (Q1758966)

Let \(X\) be an integral scheme over a connected Dedekind scheme \(S\) with \(f: X \to S\) a faithfully flat morphism of finite type. Let \(x \in X(S)\). \textit{C. Gasbarri} defined in his paper [Duke Math. J. 117, No. 2, 287--311 (2003; Zbl 1026.11057)] the abelianalized fundamental scheme \(\pi_1(X,x)\). This is a generalization of Nori's definition of the fundamental group scheme of a reduced connected and proper scheme \(X\) over a prefect field \(k\), which is a generalization of the classical étale fundamental group. Assume that the existence of the Picard scheme \(\mathrm{\mathbf Pic}_{X/S}\), \(\mathrm{\mathbf Pic}^0_{X/S}\) as an open \(S\)-group subscheme of \(\mathrm{\mathbf Pic}_{X/S}\) is defined such that for any point \(s \in S\), \(\mathrm{\mathbf Pic}^0_{X/S} \times_S k(s) \simeq \mathrm{\mathbf Pic}^0_{X_s/k(s)}\). It exists with assumptions that \(\mathrm{\mathbf Pic}_{X/S}\) is separated over \(S\) and \(\mathrm{\mathbf Pic}^0_{X_s/k(s)}\) are smooth and have the same dimensions for all \(s \in S\). When \(\mathrm{\mathbf Pic}^0_{X/S}\) is a projective abelian scheme, set \(\mathrm{\mathbf Alb}_{X/S} := (\mathrm{\mathbf Pic}^0_{X/S} )^*\) and call it the Albanese scheme of \(X \to S\). Let \(\mathrm{\mathbf Pic}^{\tau}_{X/S}\) be an open scheme of \(\mathrm{\mathbf Pic}_{X/S}\) defined by \(\cup_n n^{-1} (\mathrm{Pic}^0_{X/S})\) where \(n:\mathrm{\mathbf Pic}_{X/S} \to \mathrm{\mathbf Pic}_{X/S}\) is the multiplication by \(n\) homomorphism. Let \(\mathrm{NS}^{\tau}_{X/S}\) be the \(S\)-scheme representing the quotient sheaf associated with respect to the fpqc topology to the functor \(T \mapsto \mathrm{\mathbf Pic}_{X/S}^{\tau}(T)/\mathrm{\mathbf Pic}^0_{X/S}(T)\). The main result of this paper is that there is an exact sequence of commutative group schemes: \[ 0 \to (\mathrm{\mathbf NS}^{\tau}_{X/S})^{\wedge} \to \pi_1(X,x)^{\mathrm{ab}} \to \pi_1(\mathrm{\mathbf Alb}_{X/S}, 0_{\mathrm{\mathbf Alb}_{X/S}}) \to 0. \] As a corollary, when \(f: C \to S\) is a smooth and projective curve with integral geometric fibres, the natural morphism \(\pi_1(C, x)^{\mathrm{ab}} \to \pi_1(J,0_J)\) is an isomorphism where \(J\) is the Jacobian of \(C\).