Symmetries and reduction of multiplicative 2-forms (Q1762170)

This paper studies a Marsden-Weinstein type of reduction on a presymplectic groupoid \(\mathcal{G}\) integrating a \(G\)-invariant Dirac structure on a manifold \(M\) with a proper free action of a Lie group \(G\), using the framework of Lie algebroids and IM 2-forms. The authors start with the geometric setting of a Lie algebroid \(q_{A} :A\rightarrow M\) over a \(G\)-manifold \(M\), equipped with a \(G\)-action on \(A\) by Lie algebroid isomorphisms lifting the \(G\)-action on \(M\), and a \(G\)-equivariant closed IM 2-form \(\mu:A\rightarrow T^{\ast}M\), a vector bundle map generalizing \(a\in A\mapsto\Omega\left( \rho\left( a\right) ,\cdot\right) \in T^{\ast}M\) for a closed 2-form \(\Omega\) on \(M\), where \(\rho:A\rightarrow TM\) is the anchor map of the Lie algebroid \(A\rightarrow M\). The main example is provided by a Dirac structure \(L\), i.e., a vector subbundle of the vector bundle \(TM\oplus T^{\ast}M\) such that \(\Gamma\left( L\right)\) is closed under the Courant bracket \(\left[ \left[ ,\right] \right] \) on \(\Gamma\left( TM\oplus T^{\ast}M\right) \) and \(L=L^{\perp}\) with respect to the nondegenerate canonical symmetric pairing on \(TM\oplus T^{\ast}M\), and the canonical projection \(L\rightarrow T^{\ast}M\) as an IM 2-form on the Lie algebroid \(L\rightarrow M\) with Lie bracket \(\left[ \left[ ,\right] \right] \) on \(\Gamma\left( L\right) \), where \(\left[ \left[ \left( X,\alpha\right) ,\left( Y,\beta\right) \right] \right] :=\left( \left[ X,Y\right] ,\mathcal{L}_{X}\beta-i_{Y}\left( d\alpha\right) \right) \) for \(X,Y\in\Gamma\left( TM\right) \) and \(\alpha,\beta\in \Gamma\left( T^{\ast}M\right) \). Assuming the Lie algebroid \(A\) integrable, we denote its source-simply-connected Lie groupoid by \(\mathcal{G}\). A Lie algebroid morphism \(J_{A}:A\rightarrow\mathfrak{g}^{\ast}\) is constructed as \(J_{A}:=J_{\mathrm{can}}\circ\mu\) from the canonical momentum map \(J_{\mathrm{can}}:T^{\ast }M\rightarrow\mathfrak{g}^{\ast}\) defined by \(J_{can}\left( \alpha\right) \left( u\right) :=\alpha\left( u_{M}\right) \) for \(u\in\mathfrak{g}\) and its infinitesimal generator \(u_{M}\) (evaluated at a suitable point) on \(M\), and is integrated to a \(G\)-equivariant Lie groupoid morphism \(J:\mathcal{G} \rightarrow\mathfrak{g}^{\ast}\) together with \(\mu\) integrated to a closed multiplicative 2-form \(\omega\) on \(\mathcal{G}\) rendering \(\mathcal{G}\) a presymplectic groupoid, satisfying \(i_{u_{\mathcal{G}}}\omega=-d\left\langle J,u\right\rangle \) for \(u\in\mathfrak{g}\) and its infinitesimal generator \(u_{\mathcal{G}}\) on \(\mathcal{G}\). Under the general assumption that \(J_{A}^{-1}\left( 0\right) \) is a subbundle of \(A\), it is found that \(J_{A}^{-1}\left( 0\right) \) is a Lie subalgebroid of \(A\) such that taking the quotient by the \(G\)-action yields a Lie algebroid \(A_{\mathrm{red}}:=J_{A}^{-1}\left( 0\right) /G\rightarrow M/G\) and a closed IM 2-form \(\mu_{\mathrm{red}}\) on \(A_{\mathrm{red}}\). Furthermore, there is an immersive groupoid homomorphism \(\iota_{0}:\mathcal{G}_{0}\rightarrow\mathcal{G}\) for the source-simply-connected Lie groupoid \(\mathcal{G}_{0}\) of \(J_{A} ^{-1}\left( 0\right) \) such that \(\iota_{0}\left( \mathcal{G}_{0}\right) \subset J^{-1}\left( 0\right) \) with \(\iota_{0}^{\ast}\omega\) a closed multiplicative 2-form on \(\mathcal{G}_{0}\), yielding by \(G\)-quotient a Lie groupoid \(\mathcal{G}_{\mathrm{red}}:=\mathcal{G}_{0}/G\rightarrow M/G\) with Lie algebroid \(A_{\mathrm{red}}\) and a closed multiplicative 2-form \(\omega_{\mathrm{red}}\) on \(\mathcal{G}_{\mathrm{red}}\) integrating \(\mu_{\mathrm{red}}\). In the case of a \(G\)-invariant Dirac structure \(L\) on \(M\), with \(J_{A} ^{-1}\left( 0\right) =L\cap K^{\perp}\) assumed to be of constant rank for the distribution \(K\subset TM\) tangent to \(G\)-orbits in \(M\), a comparison is made between the reduction \(A_{\mathrm{red}}\) with \(\mu_{\mathrm{red}}\) obtained above and the Lie algebroid \(L_{\mathrm{quot}}:=\frac{L\cap K^{\perp}+K}{K}/G\) with the canonical closed IM 2-form \(\mu_{\mathrm{quot}}:L_{\mathrm{quot}}\rightarrow T^{\ast}\left( M/G\right) \) obtained from the known Dirac structure reduction. In particular, a surjective Lie algebroid morphism \(r:A_{\mathrm{red}}\rightarrow L_{\mathrm{quot}}\) with \(\mu_{\mathrm{quot}}\circ r=\mu_{\mathrm{red}}\) and \(\ker\left( r\right) =\left( K\cap L\right) /G\) is found. Finally, it is explained that in the context expressing \(\mathcal{G}\) as the quotient \(P\left( A\right) /\sim\) of the manifold \(P\left( A\right) \) of \(A\)-paths by \(A\)-homotopy \(\sim\), the above map \(J:\mathcal{G}\rightarrow \mathfrak{g}^{\ast}\) is given by \(\left\langle J\left( \left[ a\right] \right) ,u\right\rangle =\int_{0}^{1}\left\langle \mu\left( a\left( t\right) \right) ,u_{M}\right\rangle dt\) for \(u\in\mathfrak{g}\) and \(a\in P\left( A\right) \).