More on \(d\)-logics of subspaces of the rational numbers (Q1762355)

This article, written by experts for the \(d\)-semantics of modal logic, continues their previous studies on \(d\)-logics of subspaces of the rational numbers. Here, `\(d\)' means interpreting the modal \(\lozenge\)-operator by taking the topological derivate. The main theorem of the paper says, among other things, that each modal logic over \(\mathbf{K4}\) axiomatizable by variable-free formulas is the \(d\)-logic of a subspace of \(\mathbb{Q}\). This result rests on the pre-proved fact that any countable rooted \(\mathbf{K4}\)-frame is the \(d\)-morphic image of a subspace of \(\mathbb{Q}\), where \textit{\(d\)-morphisms} represent the \(d\)-versions of the continuous and open mappings from topology (and the appropriate adaption of the notion of \(p\)-morphism from common modal logic). As a consequence, the existence of continuum many \(d\)-logics of subspaces of \(\mathbb{Q}\) that are not finitely axiomatizable (respectively, not decidable) is obtained, in particular. In the second part of the paper, the authors consider several special classes of axiomatizable \(d\)-logics. They give topological properties which are \(d\)-defined by those axioms and establish corresponding soundness and completeness theorems. Finally, the notion of \textit{scattered space} (in which every non-empty subspace has an isolated point by definition) is generalized in three ways, the accompanying \(d\)-logics are determined, and they are proved to satisfy the finite model property and be decidable thus.