Adaptive control of a hysteretic structural system (Q1764040)

Since the first hysteresis study of Duhamel, several mathematical hysteresis models have been proposed. An article by \textit{J. Macki}, \textit{P. Nistri} and \textit{P. Zecca} [``Periodic oscillations in systems with hysteresis'', Rocky Mt. J. Math. 22, No. 2, 669--681 (1992; Zbl 0759.34013)] offered a survey of existing models prior to 1992. A popular model used by the majority of the authors studying the control of systems with continuous hysteresis was the ``backlash model''. The authors quote \textit{L. P. Lecoq} and \textit{A. M. Hopkins} [``A functional analysis approach to \(L_\infty\) stability and its applications to systems with hysteresis'', IEEE Trans. Autom. Control 17, 328--338 (1972; Zbl 0265.93030)], who stated: ``The use of backlash model misrepresents the behavior about the origin, does not account for saturation, and introduces a dead zone that does not exist.'' The authors use an alternative model of smooth hysteresis proposed by \textit{Y. K. Wen} [``Method of random vibration of hysteresis systems'', J. Eng. Mech. Div., ASCE 102, No. 2, 249--263 (1976)], known as the Bouc-Wen model. It is described by a nonlinear second-order differential equation \[ m\,d^2x/dt^2+ c\,dx/dt+ \Phi(x,t)= f(t)+ u(t), \] where \(f(t)\) is an unknown excitation, and \(u(t)\) is the control. The Bouc-Wen restoring force is \[ \Phi(x,t)= \alpha k\,x(t)+ (1-\alpha)Dk\,z(t), \] where \(z\) satisfies the equation \[ z=D^{-1} \biggl(A \frac{dx}{dt}- \beta\biggl|\frac{dx}{dt}\biggr|\,|z^{n-1}| z-\lambda|z^n| \frac{dx}{dt} \biggr). \] Here \(D> 0\) is the yield constant, \(\alpha\) the pre-yielding stiffness ratio, while \(z\) is non-dimensional. A system simulating an earthquake was used to test the model. The nonlinear response of the model was uniformly bounded.