Function of a square matrix with repeated eigenvalues (Q1764708)

An analytical function \(f(A)\) of an arbitrary \(n\times n\) constant matrix \(A\) is determined and expressed by the ``fundamental formula'', a linear combination of constituent matrices, and then the constituent matrices \(Z_{kh}\), which depend on \(A\) but not on the function \(f(s)\), are computed. The associated companion matrix \(C\) and Jordan matrix \(J\) are then expressed when all the eigenvalues with multiplicities are known. Several other related matrices, such as the Vandermonde matrix \(V\), the modal matrix \(W\), the Krylov matrix \(K\) and their inverses, are also derived and depicted as in a 2-D or 3-D mapping diagram. Efficient and direct approaches for \(Z_{kh}\) can be found by a linear combination of matrices, that may be further simplified by writing them in ``super column matrix'' forms.