Central limit theorems for the large-spin asymptotics of quantum spins (Q1765114)

The authors study systems of quantum spins \(S = (S^1 , S^2 , S^3)\) of magnitude \(J\in (1/2){\mathbb N}\) defined on a finite or infinite (countable) set \({\mathcal L}\). The algebra of quasi-local observables is defined as a norm-closure of the algebra of local observables consisting of linear operators defined on the corresponding finite tensor products of the one-site Hilbert space \({\mathbb C}^{2J +1}\). For a unit vector \(u \in {\mathbb R}^3\), the authors define a coherent one-site state \(\omega_x\), \(x \in {\mathcal L}\), in such a way that \(\omega_x (S^\alpha_x ) = u^\alpha_x\) for \(\alpha = 1 , 2 , 3\). Then the corresponding coherent state on the quasi-local algebra \(\omega\) is defined as a tensor product of such one-site states. The asymptotic properties of the states \(\omega\) in the limit \(J \rightarrow + \infty\) are the central problem studied in the article. Shortly speaking, the main result obtained can be outlined as follows: (a) the law of large numbers is classical; (b) the fluctuations are quantum but bosonic. The law of large numbers is formulated as the following estimate. For \(v \in l^1(\mathcal{L}\rightarrow {\mathbb R}^3)\), it follows that \[ \left| \omega \left( \exp\left( (i/J)\sum_x v_x \cdot S_x\right) \right) - \exp\left( i\left /\sum_x v_x \cdot u_x\right.\right) \right| \leq a(v) /J, \] with a certain continuous function \(a:l^1(\mathcal{L}\rightarrow {\mathbb R}^3) \rightarrow {\mathbb R}_+\). To study fluctuations the authors introduce the fluctuation operator \[ F_J (v) = \sqrt{2/J}\sum_{x}\left[ v_x \cdot S_x - \omega (v_x \cdot S_x)\right]. \] Then it is shown that for any positive integer \(n\) and \(v_1 , \dots , v_n \in l^2(\mathcal{L}\rightarrow {\mathbb R}^3)\), the following estimate holds \[ \left| \omega \left( \prod_{j=1}^n e^{i F_J (v_j)} \right) - \tilde{\omega}\left( \prod_{j=1}^n W(\tilde{v}_j)\right) \right| \leq c(v_1 , \dots , v_n)/ J^{1/2}, \] where the vectors \(\tilde{v}_j\) are certain projections of the vectors \(v_j\), the \(W(\tilde{v})\) are the Weyl operators generating the corresponding CCR-algebra, and \(\tilde{\omega}\) is the quasi-free Fock state on this algebra. In addition, strong operator convergence, as \(J \rightarrow + \infty\), of the fluctuation operators to the corresponding bosonic operators is established. The results obtained are illustrated by certain applications.