Unitary similarity classes within the cospectral-congruence class of a matrix (Q1765901)

\(A\in \mathbb{C}^{n\times n}\) is said to be congruent to \(B\in \mathbb{C}^{n\times n}\) if there is a nonsingular \(P\) such that \(B=P^*AP\). \(A,B\) are said to be cospectral if they have the same characteristic polynomial. \(A, B\) are said to be C-E (resp. C-S) equivalent if they are both congruent and cospectral (resp. similar). In the paper under review unitary similarity classes in the C-E (resp. C-S) equivalence class of a given matrix are studied. The main results are the following: (1) If \(n\geq 3\), \(A\) is nonsingular and \(0\in \text{int} F(A)\), interior of the field of values (i.e., numerical range) of \(A\), then \(CE(A)\) contains infinitely many unitary similarity classes. (2) When \(0\not\in\text{int} F(A)\) then sufficient conditions are given for \(CE(A)\) class to contain only one unitary class. (3) When \(n=3\) these conditions are also necessary. (4) For \(n\geq3\) it is that the matrices for which the C-S class contains infinitely many unitary similarity classes are dense in \(\mathbb{C}^{n\times n}\).