Bäcklund transformations for higher order Painlevé equations (Q1766571)

The paper considers \(n\)th-order equations with the Painlevé property of the form \[ v^{(n)}= f(z,v,v',\dots, v^{(n-2)}, v^{(n-1)}), \] where \(f\) is a rational function of \(v^{(n-1)},\dots,v\) with coefficient functions of \(z\). Here, the paper considers a transformation of the form \[ G(z,v,\dots, v^{(n-2)}) u-[v^{(n-1)}+ F(z,v,\dots, v^{(n-2)}]= 0,\tag{\(*\)} \] where the functions \(F\) and \(G\) guarantee that the equation in \(u\) also has the Painlevé property, i.e., that the transformation defined in \((*)\) preserves the Painlevé property. In this paper, both functions \(F\) and \(G\) are polynomials in \(v^{(n-1)},\dots,v\) with coefficient functions of \(z\) only, such that each monomial is of maximum weight n under the rescaling \((v,d/dz)\to(\lambda v,\lambda d/dz)\). The paper introduces a new generalized algorithm, which allows the construction of Bäcklund transformations for higher-order ordinary differential equations. Several examples are then considered and one of the examples presented is as follows \[ v^{(4)}= 10v^2 v''+ 10v(v')^2- 6v^5- \beta(v''+ 2v^3)+ zv+\alpha,\tag{\(**\)} \] which is the second member of the generalized second Painlevé hierarchy. The transformation \((*)\) is applied and the equation becomes, \[ u= v'''+ 2\varepsilon v''- e(v')^2-(6v^2- \beta)v'- 3\varepsilon v^4+ \varepsilon\beta v^2. \] Now some additional new variables are introduced and the results are implemented to derive the auto-BTs for the original equation \((**)\). The paper is very well written and much care is provided for many details.