On the Sylow \(p\)-subgroups of the ideal class groups of some imaginary cyclic fields of degree \(p-1\) (Q1768117)

Let \(p\) be an odd prime, \(\zeta^p=1\neq\zeta\), and \(\omega= \zeta+\zeta^{-1}\). Let \(M\neq\mathbb Q(\zeta)\) be an imaginary cyclic field of degree \(p-1\) containing \(\omega\). Let \(k\) be a real quadratic subfield of \(M(\zeta)\) not contained in \(M\). Suppose that there exists a unit \(\varepsilon\) in \(k\setminus k^p\) such that \(\text{N}_{k/\mathbb Q}(\varepsilon) =1\), \(\text{Tr}_{k/\mathbb Q}(\varepsilon)\equiv\pm2\mod p^3\). By means of a Chebyshev polynomial it is then possible to construct an unramified cyclic extension of degree \(p\) of \(M\), so that the class number of \(M\) is divisible by \(p\). There are infinitely many such fields \(M\). These results are of interest in comparison with the classical questions about the class number of \(\mathbb Q(\zeta).\) For \(p\equiv1\mod4\) there are two possible choices of \(k\), which leads to a parametric family of fields \(M\) such that the \(p\)-rank of the class group is greater than one, but it is not determined whether this family is infinite. There are a few numerical examples. The paper is a continuation of an earlier one by the author [Proc. Japan Acad., Ser. A 77, No. 4, 55--58 (2001; Zbl 1006.11063)] where the results are similar but slightly weaker.