Diagonals on the permutahedra, multiplihedra and associahedra (Q1770308)

The authors introduce the notion of a permutohedral set, which is a combinatorial object distinguished from a cubical or simplicial set by higher order relations among face and degeneracy operators. The double cobar construction \(\Omega^2C_*(X)\) is one of the naturally occurring examples, where \(C_*(X)\) is the cellular chain complex of a simplicial set \(X\). Two singular permutohedral sets are constructed as universal examples, which are given as families of mapping sets from the permutohedra to spaces. The authors construct a diagonal \(\Delta_P\) on the cellular chain complex \(C_*(P_{n+1})\) of the permutohedron \(P_{n+1}\). Then \(\Delta_P\) is lifted to a diagonal on any permutohedral set. The authors also define diagonals on the cellular chain complexes of the associahedron \(K_{n+1}\) and the multiplihedron \(J_n\) by using Tonks' projection \(P_n \to K_{n+1}\) and its factorization through \(J_n\). The diagonal on \(K_{n+1}\) is applied to define the tensor product of \(A_\infty\)-(co)algebras in maximal generality. To construct a diagonal on the permutohedron \(P_{n+1}\) the authors realize \(P_{n+1}\) as a subdivision of the standard \(n\)-cube \(I^n\). Both \(K_{n+2}\) and \(J_{n+1}\) are also realized as subdivisions of \(I^n\). They also index the faces of \(P_n\) in four ways: by partitions of the set \(\{1,\dots,n\}\), by leveled trees with \(n+1\) leaves, by strings of \(n+1\) indeterminants with subscripted parentheses, and by compositions of face operators acting on \(n+1\) indeterminants. The projection \(P_n \to K_{n+1}\) and its factorization through \(J_n\) are explained by using the indexing.