Semistability and Hilbert-Kunz multiplicities for curves (Q1770450)

Let \(X\) be a projective curve over an algebraically closed field \(k\) of positive characteristic \(p\), and let \(\mathcal L\) be a base point free line bundle on \(X\). Set \(B=\bigoplus_{n\geq 0} H^{0}(X,{\mathcal L}^{\otimes n})\) and \(B_1= H^{0}(X,{\mathcal L})\). Then the Hilbert-Kunz (for short HK) multiplicity of the section ring \(B\) with respect to the ideal \(B_{1}B\) is denoted by \(\text{HKM}(X,\mathcal L)\). The HK multiplicity of \(B\) with respect to the ideal generated by \(W\subseteq H^0(X,\mathcal L)\) where \(W\) is a base point free linear system, is denoted by \(\text{HKM}(X,\mathcal L,W)\). Let \(V_{\mathcal L}(W)\) denote a vector bundle of rank \(r=\) vector space dimension of \(W -1\) and be the kernel of the surjective map \(W\times {\mathcal O}_X \rightarrow \mathcal L\). If \(W=H^0(X,\mathcal L)\), then \(V_{\mathcal L}(W)\) is denoted by \(V_{\mathcal L}\,.\) The author proves that if \(V_{\mathcal L}\) is strongly semistable then \(\text{HKM}(X,\mathcal L)\) is equal to the HK multiplicity of the section ring with respect to its graded maximal ideal (it may not be true in general). For an arbitrary base-point free line bundle \(\mathcal L\) on a nonsingular curve \(X\) of genus \(g\), the author finds an expression of \(\text{HKM}(X,\mathcal L, W)\) in terms of the ranks and degrees of the vector bundles occuring in a strongly stable Harder-Narasimham filtration. Even if this seems difficult to use, this result implies that the HK multiplicity of an irreducible projective curve is a rational number [\textit{H. Brenner}, Math. Ann. 334, No. 1, 91--110 (2006; Zbl 1098.13017) got the same result independently]. Section \(5\) is devoted to plane curves. Theorem \(5.3\) gives a formula for the HK multiplicity of an arbitrary plane curve \(C\) of degree \(d\) over a field of characteristic \(p>0\); corollary \(5.4\) gives a formula in the case that \(X\) is a nonsingular plane curve of degree \(d\). At the end of the paper, the author recalls some results of Monsky about nonsingular quartics of a certain type.