Algebraic torus actions on affine algebraic surfaces (Q1770466)

An \(\mathbb A^1_*\)-fibration on an affine surface \(S\) is a surjective morphism \(\rho:S\rightarrow B\) onto a curve \(B\) with general fibers isomorphic to \(\mathbb A^1_*\), the affine line with one point ponctured. These fibrations usually arise as the algebraic quotient morphism associated with an action of the multiplicative group \(\mathbb G_m\) on \(S\). In this article, the author characterizes the uniqueness up to automorphism of the base curve of such a fibration on \(S\) in terms of the structure of the boundary divisor in a minimal projective completion of \(S\). As a consequence of this characterization, it is established that an affine surface which admits two independent \(\mathbb G_m\)-actions, that is, two \(\mathbb G_m\)-actions with distinct general orbits, is isomorphic to \(\mathbb A^1_* \times\mathbb A^1_*, \mathbb A^1 \times \mathbb A^1_*\) or is a smooth surface equipped with a fibration \(\pi:S\rightarrow\mathbb A^1\) with general fibers isomorphic to the affine line. \textit{H. Flenner} and \textit{M. Zaidenberg} [in: Affine algebraic geometry, 1st joint AMS-RSME meeting, Sevilla 2003. Contemp. Math. 369, 97--111 (2005; Zbl 1074.14055)] already studied in detail the existence of \(\mathbb G_m\)-actions on the latter type of surfaces.