Permanence and periodicity of a delayed ratio-dependent predator--prey model with stage structure (Q1771001)

Based on results by \textit{W. G. Aiello} and \textit{H. I. Freedman} [Math. Biosci. 101, 139-153 (1990; Zbl 0719.92017)], the authors incorporate periodicity of the environment, stage structure for both prey and predator and time delays due to the maturities of prey and predator into a ratio-dependent predator-prey model. By some comparison technique, the authors derive some results on the permanence and extinction of the system. By using Gaines and Mawhin's continuation theorem of coincidence degree theory, a set of easily verifiable sufficient conditions are derived for the existence of positive periodic solutions to the proposed model.