Virasoro symmetries of the extended Toda hierarchy (Q1771557)

The extended Toda hierarchy is defined by the Lax repesentation \[ \varepsilon\Biggl({\partial L\over\partial t}\Biggr)_{\beta,q}= [A_{\beta, q}, L],\quad \beta= 1,2;\quad q\geq 0, \] with \(L= \lambda+ v(x)+ e^{u(x)}\lambda^{-1}\), \(\lambda= e^{\varepsilon\partial_x}\), \(A_{1,q}= {2\over q!}[L^q(\log L- c_q)]_+\), \(A_{2,q}= {1\over(1+ 1)!} [L^{q+1}]_+\) and \(c_0= 0\), \(c_q= 1+{1\over 2}+\cdots+{1\over q}\), see also \textit{Y. Zhang} [J. Geom. Phys. 40, 215--232 (2002; Zbl 1001.37066)]. It admits a non-Abelian Lie algebra of infinitesimal symmetries isomorphic to the half of the Virasoro algebra with generators, the second-order differential operators \(L_m= L_m(\varepsilon^{-1} t,\varepsilon\partial/\partial t)\), \(m\geq -1\), and the action onto the tau function determines the symmetry of the hierarchy. Close interrelations to the two-dimensional Frobenius manifold \(M_{\text{Toda}}\) and to \(\mathbb CP^1\) Gromov-Witten invariants are established. The article rests on many references and is intended for specialists.