Conjugacy separability of certain Seifert 3-manifold groups (Q1772430)

This paper studies some algebraic properties of fundamental groups of 3-manifolds. Let \(G\) be a group and \(S \subset G\) be a subset. Then \(G\) is said to be \(S\)-separable, if for every \(x \in G \backslash S\), there exists a normal subgroup \(N_x\) of finite index in \(G\) which satisfies \(x \neq N_x S\). Suppose \(x \) and \( y\) are not mutually conjugate in \(G\). Then they are conjugacy distinguishable, if there exists a normal subgroup \(N\) in \(G\) such that \(\hat{x} \) and \( \hat{y}\) are also not conjugate in \(G/N\), where \(\hat{x}\) is the image of \(x\) in \(G/N\). If each non conjugate pair is conjugacy distinguishable, then \(G\) is said to be conjugacy separable. Several groups are known to be conjugacy separable. For example a group obtained by adjoining a root to a free group is conjugacy separable. Let \(G\) be the fundamental group of a Seifert fibered space. Such groups are classified into three types \(\{G_1(s,r), G_2(s,r), G_3(s,r)\}\) with respect to the geometric structure of the base manifolds. All these admit explicit presentations. \(G_1\) corresponds to fundamental groups of Seifert fibered spaces which are closed with orientable Seifert surfaces. The members of \(G_3\) are known to be conjugacy separable. The main theorem states that groups of type \(G_1(s,r)\) are all conjugacy separable, except possibly \(G_1(0,3)\) and \(G_1(1,1)\). The proof uses successive algebraic lemmas on groups which are quite complicated. The authors conjecture that all Seifert 3-manifold groups are conjugacy separable.