Approximation in rough native spaces by shifts of smooth kernels on spheres (Q1772706)

A kernel is a function \(\mathcal K\in C(S^d\times S^d),\) where \(S^d\) is the unit sphere in \(\mathbb R^{d+1}\). If the kernel \(\mathcal K\) is rotational invariant on \(S^d,\) then there is a function \(\phi :[-1,1]\to \mathbb R\) such that \(\mathcal K(x,y) =\phi (xy),\) where \(xy =\langle x,y\rangle\) denotes the usual inner product in \(\mathbb R^{d+1}.\) The function \(\phi\) is called a zonal function and \(\mathcal K\) a zonal kernel. It is positively definite if and only if \(\phi \) is positively definite. In the following \(\phi\) is supposed strictly positively definite. Denote by \(\mathcal H_k^{(0)}\) the linear space of all homogeneous harmonic polynomials of degree \(k\) and let \(d_k = \dim \mathcal H_k^{(0)}.\) If \(\{Y_{k,\mu} : \mu =1,...,d_k\},\) is an orthonormal basis of \(\mathcal H_k^{(0)},\) then a zonal function \(\phi\) admits the expansion \(\phi(xy) = \sum_{k=0}^\infty a_k\sum_{\mu =1}^{d_k}Y_{k,\mu}(x)Y_{k,\mu}(y). \) Denote by \(PH_\phi\) the linear space of all finite linear combinations of zonal shifts of \(\phi\) equipped with the inner product \(\langle f,g\rangle = \sum_{\xi\in \Xi}\sum_{\zeta\in \Theta} c_\xi d_\zeta \phi(\xi \zeta ),\) for \(f= \sum_{\xi\in \Xi} c_\xi \phi(\xi \cdot)\) and \(g =\sum_{\zeta\in \Theta} d_\zeta\phi (\zeta\cdot),\) where \(\Xi,\Theta\) are finite subsets of \(S^d.\) The completion of \(PH_\phi\) is called the native space \(\mathcal N_\phi\) and it is a reproducing kernel Hilbert space with kernel \(\phi.\) Considering two zonal functions, \(\phi\) as above, and \(\psi \) with the expansion coefficients \((b_k)_{k=0}^\infty,\) then \(\mathcal N_\phi\subset \mathcal N_\psi,\) provided \(0\leq a_k\leq b_k,\,k=0,1,...,\) but this embedding is not isometric in general. The authors define a multiplier operator \(T:\mathcal N_\phi \to \mathcal N_\psi\) and prove that, for a finite subset \(\Xi\) of \(S^d,\) every \(f\in \mathcal N_\psi\) has a unique best approximation element \(s_\phi[f]= \sum_{\xi\in \Xi}c_\xi \phi(\cdot \xi) \) in \(\phi_\Xi =\text{span}\{\phi(\cdot \xi) : \xi \in \Xi\},\) and that the coefficients \(c_\xi,\, \xi\in \Xi,\) are determined by the interpolation condition \(T(s_\phi[f]) =T(f)| _{\,\Xi}.\) They give also an estimate of the error, namely \[ \| \psi_x-s_\phi[\psi_x]\| _{\mathcal N_\psi} \leq C\left(\sum_{k>L}^\infty b_k/d_k\right)^{1/2}, \] where \(\psi_x =\psi(x\cdot), \, L\) satisfies \(h(\Xi) \leq 1/(2L),\, h(\Xi)\) being the mesh of the finite set \(\Xi\subset S^d, \) and the constant \(C\) is independent of \(x\).