Adaptive boundary conditions for exterior flow problems (Q1773119)

The problem of solving numerically the stationary incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in an exterior domain in two dimensions is considered. This corresponds to studying the stationary fluid flow past a body. The necessity to truncate for numerical purposes the infinite exterior domain to a finite domain leads to the problem of finding appropriate boundary conditions on the surface of the truncated domain. This problem is solved by providing a vector field describing the leading asymptotic behavior of the solution. This vector field is given in the form of an explicit expression depending on a real parameter. It is shown that this parameter can be determined from the total drag exerted on the body. Using this fact a self-consistent numerical scheme is set up that determines the parameter, and hence the boundary conditions and the drag, as part of the solution process. The values of the drag obtained with our adaptive scheme are compared with the results from using traditional constant boundary conditions. Computational times are typically reduced by several orders of magnitude.