On the graphs of Hoffman-Singleton and Higman-Sims (Q1773172)

Summary: We propose a new elementary definition of the Higman-Sims graph in which the 100 vertices are parametrised with \({\mathbb Z}_4\times{\mathbb Z}_5\times{\mathbb Z}_5\) and adjacencies are described by linear and quadratic equations. This definition extends Robertson's pentagon-pentagram definition of the Hoffman-Singleton graph and is obtained by studying maximum cocliques of the Hoffman-Singleton graph in Robertson's parametrisation. The new description is used to count the 704 Hoffman-Singleton subgraphs in the Higman-Sims graph, and to describe the two orbits of the simple group HS on them, including a description of the doubly transitive action of HS within the Higman-Sims graph. Numerous geometric connections are pointed out. As a by-product we also have a new construction of the Steiner system \(S(3,6,22)\).