Nonmonotone impulse effects in second-order periodic boundary value problems (Q1773539)

The authors prove the existence of at least one solution lying between a pair of well ordered lower and upper solutions of the nonlinear impulsive periodic boundary value problem \[ \begin{aligned} u''(t)&=f(t,u(t),u'(t)), \quad t \in [0,T]\backslash \{t_1, \ldots t_m\}; \\ u(t_i^+)&=J_i(u(t_i)), \;u'(t_i^+)=M_i(u'(t_i)), \quad i=1,\ldots,m;\\ u(0)&=u(T), \qquad u'(0)=u'(T). \end{aligned} \] The authors do not impose monotonicity conditions on the impulse functions \(J_i\) and \(M_i\). The proof follows from the construction of suitable truncated problems and degree theory.