Combinatorics of rational functions and Poincaré- Birchoff-Witt expansions of the canonical \(U ({\mathfrak n}\_)\)-valued differential form (Q1773880)

Let \(\mathfrak g\) be a Kac-Moody algebra and \(V\) a tensor product of \(n\) highest-weight \(\mathfrak g\)-modules. According to results of Schechtman and Varchenko, the hypergeometric solutions of the Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov equation with values in \(V\) are given by integrals of the form \[ I(z) = \int_{\gamma(z)} \Phi(t,z)\Omega^V(t,z), \] here \(t=(t_1, \ldots, t_k), \, z=(z_1, \ldots, z_n), \, \Phi\) is a multivalued master function, \(\Omega^V\) is a certain \(V\)-valued rational \(k\)-form, and \(\gamma(z)\) is a suitable cycle in \(t\)-space depending on \(z\). Each \(\Omega^V\) with \(V\) as above is constructed out of a single basic differential form \(\Omega^{\mathfrak g}\) with values in the universal enveloping algebra \(U(\mathfrak n_-)\) of the subalgebra \(\mathfrak n_-\) in the Cartan decomposition \(\mathfrak g = \mathfrak n_- \oplus \mathfrak h \oplus \mathfrak n_+\). In [\textit{A. Matsuo}, Commun. Math. Phys. 134, No. 1, 65--77 (1990; Zbl 0714.33012)], another kind of solutions for the Lie algebra \(sl_{r+1}\) is given which have the same building principle, but with a different basic form \(\widetilde\Omega^{sl_{r+1}}.\) This form is a much smaller sum over a Poincaré-Birkhoff-Witt basis of \(U(\mathfrak n_-)\), which is of advantage in particular in case of one-dimensional weight subspaces. In the present paper, it is shown that the Schechtman-Varchenko form \(\Omega^{\mathfrak g}\) and the Matsuo form \(\widetilde\Omega^{\mathfrak g}\) actually coincide for \(\mathfrak g= sl_{r+1}\), which had previously been known only in case \(r=1\). Some consequences of this result are indicated: First, the representation according to Matsuo allows to identify the singularities of the master function \(\Phi\) precisely with the poles of \(\Omega_V\), which is useful for Bethe ansatz applications. Second, the result makes clear that the Schechtman-Varchenko solutions satisfy a certain dynamical difference equation associated with \(sl_{r+1}\). It is also pointed out that analogous PBW expansions in the elliptic and \(q\)-cases are still open.