Hypoelliptic heat kernel inequalities on the Heisenberg group (Q1779206)

Consider the 3-dimensional Heisenberg group \(G\), its basic left-invariant vector fields \(X= \partial_x- y/2\cdot\partial_z\) and \(Y= \partial_y+ x/2\cdot\partial_z\), its gradient \(\nabla= (X,Y)\) and its heat semigroup \(P_t= \exp({t\over 2}(X^2+ y^2))\). Then for any \(p> 1\), there exists a finite constant \(K_p\) such that \(|\nabla P_t f|^p\leq K_p\cdot P_t(|\nabla f|^p)\), for all \(t>0\) and test-function \(f\) on \(G\). \(K_p\) has to be \(>1\). The proof is probabilistic, and proceeds by lifting to the infinite-dimensional setting of Wiener space and using Malliavin calculus.