A geometric classification of immersions of 3-manifolds into 5-space (Q1780578)

For an oriented 3-manifold \(M^3\), let \(\text{Imm}[M^3, \mathbb{R}^{5}]_{\chi}\) denote the set of regular homotopy classes of immersions of \(M^3\) into \(\mathbb{R}^5\) with normal Euler class \(\chi\). For an element \(x\in H^2(M^3;Z)\), let \(\Gamma_2(x)=\{ c\in H^2(M^3;\mathbb{Z})\;| \;2c=x\}\) and \(d(x)\in \mathbb{Z}\) denote the divisibility of \(x\). Thus, \(x\) is equal to \(d(x)\) times a primitive element. \textit{W.-T. Wu} [Sci. Sin. 13, 335-336 (1964; Zbl 0211.26505)] proved that for any \(c\in H^2(M;\mathbb{Z})\), there exists an immersion with normal Euler class \(\chi =2c\) and that there exists a bijections \[ \text{Imm}\;[M^3, \mathbb{R}^{5}]_{\chi} \approx \coprod_{c\in \Gamma _2(\chi )}H^3(M^3;\mathbb{Z})/4c\cup H^1(M^3;\mathbb{Z}), \] by using algebraic topological methods. \textit{O. Saeki}, \textit{A. Szücs} and \textit{M. Takase} [Manuscr. Math.108,13--32 (2002; Zbl 1014.57017)] studied immersions of \(M^3\) into \(\mathbb{R}^5\) with trivial normal Euler class geometrically, using a Seifert surface of each immersion, its signature, its algebraic number of cusps etc., and constructed, geometrically, a bijection \(\text{Imm}[M^3,\mathbb{R}^5]_0\approx \Gamma_2(0)\times \mathbb{Z}\). In this paper, the author extends their results and constructs a bijection geometrically (cf. Theorem 5) \[ \text{Imm}\;[M^3,\mathbb{R}^5]_{\chi}\approx\coprod_{c\in \Gamma_2(\chi )}\mathbb{Z}_{4d(c)}, \] and so he obtains a geometrical bijection (Corollary 4) \[ \text{Imm}\;[M^3, \mathbb{R}^5]\approx \coprod_{c\in H^2(M;Z)}\mathbb{Z}_{4d(c)}, \] where \(\text{Imm}[M^3,\mathbb{R}^5]\) stands for the regular homotopy set of immersions of \(M^3\) into \(\mathbb{R}^5\).