Perturbation of singular equilibria of hyperbolic two-component systems: a universal hydrodynamic limit (Q1781836)

The authors consider the system of conservation laws \[ \partial_t \rho +\partial_x\Psi(\rho,u)=0\tag{1} \] \[ \partial_t u+\partial_x\Phi (\rho, u)=0 \] with \(t\in (0,\infty)\) and \(x\) varying in the unit forms, with \((\rho, u)\) taking values in a convex compact polygon in \(\mathbb R^2\). The basic requirement is that the system is strictly hyperbolic in (1) with the only exception of an edge point \((\rho_0, u_0)\). In this rather massive paper they address the interesting question of the propagation of small perturbations from the singular equilibrium point. They prove that such perturbations are \textit{universally} driven by the system \[ \partial_t\rho +\partial_x(\rho u)=0\tag{2} \] \[ \partial_t u+\partial_x(\rho+\gamma u^2)=0 \] in which the only trace of the original system is the parameter \(\gamma =\dfrac{1}{2}\Phi_{uu}(\rho_0, u_0)\). System (2) is known to arise in a number of applications, depending on the value of \(\gamma\). The proof is by far not trivial and goes through several delicate estimates.