On the orthogonal of a sum of periodic function spaces (Q1783692)

It is well known that if the vector space \(X=X_{T_1}+X_{T_2}+\dots+X_{T_n}\), where \(X_{T_i}\) denotes the vector space of all \(T_{i}\)-periodic, locally square-integrable functions with zero mean from \(\mathbb{R}\) to \(\mathbb{C}\); then \begin{itemize} \item[\(\bullet\)] \(X\) is dense in the space of all functions defined in an interval \(I\) and having the same smoothness property as \(X\), if and only if the length of \(I\) is less than \(T_{1}+\dots+T_{n}\). \item[\(\bullet\)] In the limiting case where \(T\) the length of \(I\) is equal to \(T_{1}+\dots+T_{n}\), there exists a strictly positive function orthogonal to \(X\). \end{itemize} In [J. Math. Anal. Appl. 122, 538--554 (1987; Zbl 0619.35065)], \textit{V. Komornik} showed that in the limiting case, \(X\) has a finite codimension \(d\) in \(L^2(0,T)\), where \(d\) is the maximal number of periods among \(T_1,\dots,T_n\) that are linearly independent above the rational numbers. If \(d=1\), then \(X\) is the orthogonal complement in \(L^2(0,T)\) of some function \(h_n\) which may be chosen to be strictly positive on \((0,T)\) if \(n=1\) or \(n=2\). In this paper, the author completes the results obtained in the paper cited above by giving a new construction of \(h_3\) and proving that \(h_3\) can never have both strictly positive and strictly negative values. In the last part of this paper, the author studies the case \(n=4\). By using the same method of previous sections, he determines easily the orthogonal function \(h_4\) and proves that it has both positive and negative values in \((0,T)\).