On the failure of Bombieri's conjecture for univalent functions (Q1791078)

Bombieri's conjecture postulates certain properties of the coefficient set \(\{(a_2,\dots,a_k)\}\) for the class \(S\) of analytic and univalent functions \(f(z)=z+\sum_{n=2}^{\infty}a_nz^n\), \(z\in\mathbb D=\{z\in\mathbb C:|z|<1\}\), in a neighborhood of the point \((2,\dots,k)\) corresponding to the function \(K(z)=z(1-z)^{-2}=\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}nz^n\). \textit{E. Bombieri} conjectured [Invent. Math. 4, 26--67 (1967; Zbl 0174.12301)] that the numbers \[ \sigma_{mn}=\liminf_{S\ni f\to K}\frac{n-\text{Re}\,a_n}{m-\text{Re}\,a_m} \] should coincide with \[ B_{mn}=\min_{t\in\mathbb R}\frac{n\sin t-\sin(nt)}{m\sin t-\sin(mt)} \] for all \(m,n\geq2\). \textit{R. Greiner} and {O. Roth} [Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 129, No. 12, 3657--3664 (2001; Zbl 0981.30018)], \textit{D. Prokhorov} and \textit{A. Vasil'ev} [Georgian Math. J. 12, No. 4, 743--761 (2005; Zbl 1095.30019)] and \textit{Yuk-J. Leung} [J. Anal. 24, No. 2, 229--250 (2016; Zbl 1383.30008)] disproved Bombieri's conjecture for different pairs \((m,n)\). In particular, the variational formula of Leung [loc. cit.] implies that Bombieri's conjecture fails if \(B_{mn}=(n^3-n)(m^3-m)^{-1}\), \(m>n\geq2\). The author of the present paper finds new pairs \((m,n)\) with such \(B_{mn}\). Namely, he proves the following theorem. Theorem 1. Let \(m>n\geq2\) be integers such that either (a) both \(m\) and \(n\) are odd, or (b) both \(m\) and \(n\) are even, or (c) \(m\) is odd, \(n\) is even and \(n\leq(m+1)/2\). Then \(B_{mn}=(n^3-n)(m^3-m)^{-1}\). Corollary. Let \(m>n\geq2\) be integers such that either (a), (b) or (c) in Theorem 1 holds. Then Bombieri's conjecture for this pair of integers is false. After examining numerically the relevant graphs for \(2\leq n\leq80\), the author notices that the hypothesis (c) in Theorem 1 can be weakened, so that the following proposition should be true. Conjecture. If \(m>n\geq2\) are integers such that \(m\) is odd, \(n\) is even and \(n<(4m+2)/5\), then \(B_{mn}=(n^3-n)(m^3-m)^{-1}\).