Uniform approximation of extremal functions in weighted Bergman spaces (Q1791079)

The author discusses approximation of extremal functions by polynomials in weighted Bergman spaces. In general he approximates these functions by solutions to extremal problems restricted to spaces of polynomials, and the estimates are in the norm of the Bergman space. In certain cases the approximation of extremal functions is estimated in the uniform norm. Recall that for \(1<p<\infty\), \(-1<\alpha<\infty\) the weighted Bergman space \(A^{p}_{\alpha}\) is the space of all holomorphic functions in the unit disc \(\mathbb{D}\) such that \[ \|f\|_{p,\alpha}=\left(\int_{\mathbb{D}} |f(z)|^{p}\,dA_{\alpha}(z)\right)^{1/p}<\infty, \] where \(dA_{\alpha}=(\alpha+1)\pi^{-1} (1-z^{2})^{\alpha}\,dA(z)\). If \(f\in A_{\alpha}^{p}\) and \(\|f(e^{it}\cdot)+f(e^{-it}\cdot)-2f(\cdot)\|_{p,\alpha}\leq C|t|^{\beta}\) for some constants \(C>0\), \(0<\beta\leq 2\) one says that \(f\in \Lambda^{*}_{\beta,A^{p}_{\alpha}}\) and \(\|f\|_{\Lambda^{*}, \beta,A^{p}_{\alpha}}\) is the infimum of the constants \(C\) such that the above inequality holds. The functions in the \(\Lambda^{*}\) classes are referred to as being mean Hölder continuous. The author proves results relating the mean Hölder continuity and the best polynomial approximation. For \(f\in A_{\alpha}^{p}\) define \[ E_{n}^{p,\alpha}(f)=\min \big\{\|f-P\|_{p,\alpha}: P\text{ is a polynomial of degree at most }n\big\}. \] Then the following is proved. {\parindent=6mm \begin{itemize}\item[{\(\bullet\)}] Let \(0 < \beta < 1\). Suppose that \(\|f\|_{\Lambda^{*},\beta,A_{\alpha}^{p}}<\infty\). Let \[ A_{\beta}=\frac{2^{1+\beta}}{\pi}\int_{0}^{\infty}|\mathrm{cos}\,(t)-\cos (2t)|t^{\beta-2}\,dt. \] Then \[ E_{n}^{p,\alpha}\leq A_{\beta}n^{-\beta} \|f\|_{\Lambda^{*},\beta,A_{\alpha}^{p}}. \] \end{itemize}} Introducing the modulus of continuity \(\omega_{p,\alpha}(\delta,f)=\sup_{t\leq \delta}\|f(e^{it}z)-f(z)\|_{p,\alpha}\) for \(f\in A^{p}_{\alpha}\), the following is obtained. {\parindent=6mm \begin{itemize}\item[{\(\bullet\)}] Let \(K \geq 0\) be an integer. Suppose \(D_{\theta}^{K}f\) has modulus of continuity \(\omega_{p,\alpha}(\delta)\). Then \[ E_{n}^{p,\alpha} (f)\leq B_{K}\omega_{p,\alpha}\left(\frac{2\pi}{n}\right)n^{-K}, \] where \(B_{K}=2^{K} C_{K+1}/\pi+2^{K}C_{K}\). \end{itemize}} Given \(k\in A_{\alpha}^{q}\), \(1<q<\infty\), the extremal function for the integral kernel~\(k\) is the unique function~\(F\in A^{p}_{\alpha}\) such that \(\|F\|=1\) and \(\int_{\mathbb{D}}F\overline k\,dA_{\alpha}\) is as large as possible, where \(1/p+1/q=1\). The following theorem gives a way to bound the distance of a given function \(G\) to \(F\) in terms of the distance from \(\mathcal{P}_{\alpha}(|F|^{p}/\overline F)\) to \(\mathcal{P}_{\alpha}(|G|^{p}/\overline G)\), where \(\mathcal{P}_{\alpha}\) is the Bergman projection for~\(A_{\alpha}^{p}\): {\parindent=6mm \begin{itemize}\item[{\(\bullet\)}] Let \(k\in A_{\alpha}^{p}\), and let \(F\) be the extremal function for~\(k\). Let \(\widehat k\) be any positive scalar multiple of~\(k\) (so that \(\widehat k\) also has \(F\) as extremal function.) Let \(G\in A_{\alpha}^{p}\) and suppose that for some \(\delta\) such that \(0<\delta<1\) the inequality \[ \|\mathcal{P}_{\alpha}(|G|^{p}/\overline G)-\widehat k)\|_{q,\alpha}<\delta \] is satisfied. Then for \(2<p<\infty\), \[ \|F-G\|<2p^{1/p}\delta^{1/p} \] and for \(1<p<2\) \[ \|F-G\|<2\sqrt{2} (p-1)^{-1/2}\delta^{1/2}. \] \end{itemize}} The previous results can be used to bound the distance from a given function to \(F\) in the supremum norm. Denoting by \(L^{p}_{\alpha} (\mathbb{D})\) the space of \(L^{p}\)-functions on \(\mathbb{D}\) with respect to the measure~\(dA_{\alpha}\), the author proves the following. {\parindent=6mm \begin{itemize}\item[{\(\bullet\)}] Let \(\epsilon>0\) and \(0<\beta\leq 1\) be given. Suppose that \(f\in L_{\alpha}^{p}(\mathbb{D})\) and that for some \(C>0\) we have \(|f(z)-f(w)|\leq C|z-w|^{\beta}\) for every \(z,w\in\mathbb{D}\). Then there exists a \(\delta>0\) such that, if \(\|f\|_{p,\alpha}<\delta\), then \(\|f\|_{\infty}<\epsilon\). In fact, we may take \(\delta\) to be \[ \left(\frac{(\alpha+1)\pi}{4}\right)^{1/p} B(2/\beta,p+1)^{1/p}C^{-2/(\beta p)} \epsilon^{1+2/(\beta p)} \] as long as \(\epsilon <2^{\beta/2}C\). Here \(B(x,y)\) is the Beta function. \end{itemize}} Finally it is worth noting that the preceding results can be used to find explicit conditions on \(k\) that guarantee that \(F\) is non-zero. For instance {\parindent=6mm \begin{itemize}\item[{\(\bullet\)}] Let \(0 < d < 1\) and \(1 < p <\infty\) and \(-1 <\alpha <\min (0, p - 2)\). Let \(\|k\|_{q,\alpha}=1\) and suppose that \(\|k\|_{\Lambda^{*},2,A_{\alpha}^{p}}<B\). Then there exists a \(\theta>0\) depending only on~\(d\), \(B\), \(p\), and \(\alpha\) such that if the range of~\(k\) is a subset of~\(\{z:-\theta/2<\arg z<\theta/2\) and \(|z|>d\}\) then \(F\) is non-zero. \end{itemize}}