New quasi-coincidence point polynomial problems (Q1791406)

Summary: Let \(F:\mathbb R\times\mathbb R\to\mathbb R\) be a real-valued polynomial function of the form \(F(x,y)=a_s(x)y^s+a_{s-1}(x)y^{s-1}+\ldots+a_0(x)\), where the degree \(s\) of \(y\) in \(F(x,y)\) is greater than or equal to \(1\). For arbitrary polynomial function \(f(x)\in\mathbb R[x]\), \(x\in\mathbb R\), we will find a polynomial solution \(y(x)\in\mathbb R[x]\) to satisfy the following equation: \((*): F(x,y(x))=af(x)\), where \(a\in\mathbb R\) is a constant depending on the solution \(y(x)\), namely, a quasi-coincidence (point) solution of \((*)\), and \(a\) is called a quasi-coincidence value. In this paper, we prove that (i) the leading coefficient \(a_s(x)\) must be a factor of \(f(x)\), and (ii) each solution of \((*)\) is of the form \(y(x)=-a_{s-1}(x)/sa_s(x)+\lambda p(x)\), where \(\lambda\) is arbitrary and \(p(x)=c(f(x)/a_s(x))^{1/s}\) is also a factor of \(f(x)\), for some constant \(c\in\mathbb R\), provided the equation \((*)\) has infinitely many quasi-coincidence (point) solutions.