Inertia, positive definiteness and \(\ell_p\) norm of GCD and LCM matrices and their unitary analogs (Q1791684)

Let \(S = \{x_1, x_2, \cdots , x_n\}\) be a set of distinct positive integers, and let \(f\) be an arithmetical function. Then the GCD matrix \((S)_f\) and the LCM matrix \([S]_f\) on \(S\) associated with \(f\) are defined as \[ (S)_f= \begin{pmatrix} f(\gcd(x_1, x_1))& f(\gcd(x_1, x_2))&\cdots & f(\gcd(x_1, x_n))\\ f(\gcd(x_2, x_1))& f(\gcd(x_2, x_2))&\cdots & f(\gcd(x_2, x_n))\\ \vdots& \ddots&\cdots & \vdots\\ f(\gcd(x_n, x_1))& f(\gcd(x_n, x_2))&\cdots & f(\gcd(x_n, x_n))\\ \end{pmatrix} \] and \[ [S]_f= \begin{pmatrix} f(\operatorname{lcm}(x_1, x_1))& f(\operatorname{lcm}(x_1, x_2))&\cdots & f(\operatorname{lcm}(x_1, x_n))\\ f(\operatorname{lcm}(x_2, x_1))& f(\operatorname{lcm}(x_2, x_2))&\cdots & f(\operatorname{lcm}(x_2, x_n))\\ \vdots& \ddots&\cdots & \vdots\\ f(\operatorname{lcm}(x_n, x_1))& f(\operatorname{lcm}(x_n, x_2))&\cdots & f(\operatorname{lcm}(x_n, x_n))\\ \end{pmatrix}. \] Since the work of \textit{H. J. S. Smith} [Proc. Lond. Math. Soc. 7, 208--212 (1875; JFM 08.0074.03)], determinant, inverse and factorizations, eigenvalues, positive definiteness, and norms of these matrices have been studied in the literature. Here, the authors consider some further results on inertia, positive definiteness and \(l_p\) norms of GCD and LCM matrices and their unitary analogs. The proofs of the main results are based on matrix factorizations and convolutions of arithmetical functions.